close_altfile in filename.c in less before 606 omits shell_quote calls for LESSCLOSE.
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 64.2% of all records.
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: less (AlmaLinux:8) 530-2.el8_9, 530-3.el8_10; less (AlmaLinux:9) 590-3.el9_3; less (Debian:10) 487-0.1+deb10u1.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to less (AlmaLinux:8) 530-2.el8_9, 530-3.el8_10; less (AlmaLinux:9) 590-3.el9_3; less (Debian:10) 487-0.1+deb10u1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
- Published
- Feb 18, 2024
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 1.0% · 64th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-78
Report tools
Action score
31
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 1.0%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens
Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| greenwoodsoftware | less | cpe:2.3:a:greenwoodsoftware:less |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- greenwoodsoftware lessbefore 606
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:8 | less | before 530-2.el8_9 | 530-2.el8_9 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | less | before 530-3.el8_10 | 530-3.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | less | before 590-3.el9_3 | 590-3.el9_3 |
| Debian:10 | less | before 487-0.1+deb10u1 | 487-0.1+deb10u1 |
| Debian:11 | less | before 551-2+deb11u2 | 551-2+deb11u2 |
| Debian:12 | less | before 590-2.1~deb12u2 | 590-2.1~deb12u2 |
| Debian:13 | less | before 590-2.1 | 590-2.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | less | before 0:530-2.el8_9 | 0:530-2.el8_9 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | less | before 0:530-3.el8_10 | 0:530-3.el8_10 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | less-debuginfo | before 0:530-3.el8_10 | 0:530-3.el8_10 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | less-debuginfo | before 0:530-2.el8_9 | 0:530-2.el8_9 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | less-debugsource | before 0:530-3.el8_10 | 0:530-3.el8_10 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | less-debugsource | before 0:530-2.el8_9 | 0:530-2.el8_9 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | less | before 0:590-3.el9_3 | 0:590-3.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | less-debuginfo | before 0:590-3.el9_3 | 0:590-3.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | less-debugsource | before 0:590-3.el9_3 | 0:590-3.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::baseos | less | before 0:530-2.el8_6 | 0:530-2.el8_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::baseos | less-debuginfo | before 0:530-2.el8_6 | 0:530-2.el8_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::baseos | less-debugsource | before 0:530-2.el8_6 | 0:530-2.el8_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.8::baseos | less | before 0:530-2.el8_8 | 0:530-2.el8_8 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.8::baseos | less-debuginfo | before 0:530-2.el8_8 | 0:530-2.el8_8 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.8::baseos | less-debugsource | before 0:530-2.el8_8 | 0:530-2.el8_8 |
| Rocky Linux:8 | less | before 0:530-2.el8_9 | 0:530-2.el8_9 |
| Rocky Linux:8 | less | before 0:530-3.el8_10 | 0:530-3.el8_10 |
+5
Same product
greenwoodsoftware: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2024-32487less through 653 allows OS command execution via a newline character in the name of a file, because quoting is mishandled in filename.c.34Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| almalinux:less | 530-2.el8_9 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:less | 590-2.1~deb12u2 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:less | 590-150400.3.6.2 · openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:less | 0:530-2.el8_9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:less-debuginfo | 0:530-2.el8_9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:less-debugsource | 0:530-2.el8_9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:less | 0:530-2.el8_9 · Rocky Linux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:less | 458-7.12.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:less | 590-150400.3.6.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Root cause
User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-78 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
const host = req.body.host;exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);Fixed
const host = req.body.host;if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Command Line Execution through SQL InjectionCAPEC-108likelihood: Low · Very High
- Command DelimitersCAPEC-15likelihood: High · High
- Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation LayersCAPEC-43likelihood: Medium · High
- Argument InjectionCAPEC-6likelihood: High · High
- OS Command InjectionCAPEC-88likelihood: High · High
ATT&CK techniques
—
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (4 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.