A spoofing issue existed in the handling of URLs.
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 17/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.97% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 60.9% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: webkit2gtk (Debian:11) 2.38.4-2~deb11u1; wpewebkit (Debian:11) 2.38.4-1~deb11u1; webkit2gtk (Debian:12) 2.38.4-1.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to webkit2gtk (Debian:11) 2.38.4-2~deb11u1; wpewebkit (Debian:11) 2.38.4-1~deb11u1; webkit2gtk (Debian:12) 2.38.4-1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
A spoofing issue existed in the handling of URLs. This issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.2 and iPadOS 16.2, macOS Ventura 13.1, Safari 16.2. Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing.
- Published
- Feb 27, 2023
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 1.0% · 61th percentile
- CWE
- —
Report tools
Action score
17
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 17 / 40 · 4.3 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 1.0%
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| apple | safari | cpe:2.3:a:apple:safari |
| apple | ipados | cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados |
| apple | iphone os | cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os |
| apple | macos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos |
| apple | tvos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos |
| apple | watchos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- apple ipadosbefore 15.7.2
- apple ipados16.0 and later · before 16.2
- apple iphone osbefore 15.7.2
- apple iphone os16.0 and later · before 16.2
- apple macosbefore 13.1
- apple safaribefore 16.2
- apple tvosbefore 16.2
- apple watchosbefore 9.2
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apple). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Apple macOS
- unspecified and later · before 13.1affected
- unspecified and later · before 16.2affected
- unspecified and later · before 16.2affected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:11 | webkit2gtk | before 2.38.4-2~deb11u1 | 2.38.4-2~deb11u1 |
| Debian:11 | wpewebkit | before 2.38.4-1~deb11u1 | 2.38.4-1~deb11u1 |
| Debian:12 | webkit2gtk | before 2.38.4-1 | 2.38.4-1 |
| Debian:12 | wpewebkit | before 2.38.4-1 | 2.38.4-1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | webkit2gtk3 | before 0:2.40.5-1.el8 | 0:2.40.5-1.el8 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | webkit2gtk3-debuginfo | before 0:2.40.5-1.el8 | 0:2.40.5-1.el8 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | webkit2gtk3-debugsource | before 0:2.40.5-1.el8 | 0:2.40.5-1.el8 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | webkit2gtk3-devel | before 0:2.40.5-1.el8 | 0:2.40.5-1.el8 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | webkit2gtk3-devel-debuginfo | before 0:2.40.5-1.el8 | 0:2.40.5-1.el8 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | webkit2gtk3-jsc | before 0:2.40.5-1.el8 | 0:2.40.5-1.el8 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | webkit2gtk3-jsc-debuginfo | before 0:2.40.5-1.el8 | 0:2.40.5-1.el8 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | webkit2gtk3-jsc-devel | before 0:2.40.5-1.el8 | 0:2.40.5-1.el8 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | webkit2gtk3-jsc-devel-debuginfo | before 0:2.40.5-1.el8 | 0:2.40.5-1.el8 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | webkit2gtk3 | before 0:2.40.5-1.el9 | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | webkit2gtk3-debuginfo | before 0:2.40.5-1.el9 | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | webkit2gtk3-debugsource | before 0:2.40.5-1.el9 | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | webkit2gtk3-devel | before 0:2.40.5-1.el9 | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | webkit2gtk3-devel-debuginfo | before 0:2.40.5-1.el9 | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | webkit2gtk3-jsc | before 0:2.40.5-1.el9 | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | webkit2gtk3-jsc-debuginfo | before 0:2.40.5-1.el9 | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | webkit2gtk3-jsc-devel | before 0:2.40.5-1.el9 | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | webkit2gtk3-jsc-devel-debuginfo | before 0:2.40.5-1.el9 | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1-LTSS | webkit2gtk3 | before 2.42.2-150000.3.157.1 | 2.42.2-150000.3.157.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS | webkit2gtk3 | before 2.42.2-150200.91.1 | 2.42.2-150200.91.1 |
+7
Same product
apple: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2023-28205A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management.KEV73This week
- CVE-2023-32439A type confusion issue was addressed with improved checks.KEV72This week
- CVE-2023-32435A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management.KEV72This week
- CVE-2025-24201An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions.KEV71This week
- CVE-2023-37450The issue was addressed with improved checks.KEV71This week
- CVE-2022-22620A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management.KEV70This week
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| debian:webkit2gtk | 2.38.4-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:wpewebkit | 2.38.4-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:webkit2gtk3 | 2.42.2-150400.4.64.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:webkit2gtk3-soup2 | 2.42.2-150400.4.64.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:webkit2gtk4 | 2.42.2-150400.4.64.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:webkit2gtk3 | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:webkit2gtk3-debuginfo | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:webkit2gtk3-debugsource | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:webkit2gtk3-devel | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:webkit2gtk3-devel-debuginfo | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:webkit2gtk3-jsc | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:webkit2gtk3-jsc-debuginfo | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:webkit2gtk3-jsc-devel | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:webkit2gtk3-jsc-devel-debuginfo | 0:2.40.5-1.el9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:webkit2gtk3 | 2.42.2-150200.91.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:webkit2gtk3 | 2.42.2-150400.4.64.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:webkit2gtk3-soup2 | 2.42.2-150400.4.64.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:webkit2gtk4 | 2.42.2-150400.4.64.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP4 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- A user must open a link or visit a page.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- low · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- none
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- Required
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- Low
- Availability impact
- None
Weakness class (CWE)
—
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (7 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.