In GNU Less before 609, crafted data can result in "less -R" not filtering ANSI escape sequences sent to the terminal.
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1.4% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 72.4% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
- Fixed version: less (AlmaLinux:9) 590-2.el9_2; less (Debian:12) 590-1.2; less (openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3) 590-150400.3.3.1.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to less (AlmaLinux:9) 590-2.el9_2; less (Debian:12) 590-1.2; less (openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3) 590-150400.3.3.1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
- Published
- Feb 7, 2023
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 1.4% · 72th percentile
- CWE
- —
Report tools
Action score
30
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 1.4%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| gnu | less | cpe:2.3:a:gnu:less |
| fedoraproject | fedora | cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- fedoraproject fedora37
- gnu less566 and later · before 609
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:9 | less | before 590-2.el9_2 | 590-2.el9_2 |
| Debian:12 | less | before 590-1.2 | 590-1.2 |
| openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3 | less | before 590-150400.3.3.1 | 590-150400.3.3.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | less | before 608-2.1 | 608-2.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | less | before 0:590-2.el9_2 | 0:590-2.el9_2 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | less-debuginfo | before 0:590-2.el9_2 | 0:590-2.el9_2 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | less-debugsource | before 0:590-2.el9_2 | 0:590-2.el9_2 |
| Rocky Linux:9 | less | before 0:590-2.el9_2 | 0:590-2.el9_2 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | less | before 590-150400.3.3.1 | 590-150400.3.3.1 |
Same product
gnu: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2014-9488The is_utf8_well_formed function in GNU less before 475 allows remote attackers to have unspecified impact via malformed UTF-8 characters, w41Plan
- CVE-2004-2264Format string bug in the open_altfile function in filename.c for GNU less 382, 381, and 358 might allow local users to cause a denial of ser26Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| almalinux:less | 590-2.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:less | 590-1.2 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:less | 590-150400.3.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:less | 0:590-2.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:less-debuginfo | 0:590-2.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:less-debugsource | 0:590-2.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:less | 0:590-2.el9_2 · Rocky Linux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:less | 590-150400.3.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
—
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (5 more)Show less
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/02/07/7
- github.com/gwsw/less/commit/a78e1351113cef564d790a730d657a321624d79c
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LR7AUWB34JD4PCW3HHASBEDGGHFWPAQP/
- security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-11
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/02/07/7
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.