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NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

CVE-2022-28739: There is a buffer over-read in Ruby before 2.6.10, 2.7.x before 2.7.6, 3.x before 3.0.4, and 3.1.x before 3.1.2.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 4.3% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 91.3% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: ruby (AlmaLinux:8) 2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987, 3.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0, 2.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f99506; ruby-default-gems (AlmaLinux:8) 2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987, 3.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0; ruby-devel (AlmaLinux:8) 2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987, 2.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f99506, 3.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to ruby (AlmaLinux:8) 2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987, 3.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0, 2.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f99506; ruby-default-gems (AlmaLinux:8) 2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987, 3.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0; ruby-devel (AlmaLinux:8) 2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987, 2.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f99506, 3.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

There is a buffer over-read in Ruby before 2.6.10, 2.7.x before 2.7.6, 3.x before 3.0.4, and 3.1.x before 3.1.2. It occurs in String-to-Float conversion, including Kernel#Float and String#to_f.

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 9, 2022
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
4.3% · 91th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 4.3%

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2022-28739

When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
ruby-langruby
debiandebian linux
applemacos

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • apple macos12.0 and later · before 12.6.1
  • apple macos11.0 and later · before 11.7.1
  • debian debian linux10.0
  • debian debian linux11.0
  • debian debian linux9.0
  • ruby-lang rubybefore 2.6.10
  • ruby-lang ruby3.1.0 and later · before 3.1.2
  • ruby-lang ruby3.0.0 and later · before 3.0.4
  • ruby-lang ruby2.7.0 and later · before 2.7.6

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:8rubybefore 2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da9872.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987
AlmaLinux:8rubybefore 3.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c03.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0
AlmaLinux:8rubybefore 2.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f995062.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f99506
AlmaLinux:8ruby-default-gemsbefore 2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da9872.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987
AlmaLinux:8ruby-default-gemsbefore 3.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c03.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0
AlmaLinux:8ruby-develbefore 2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da9872.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987
AlmaLinux:8ruby-develbefore 2.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f995062.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f99506
AlmaLinux:8ruby-develbefore 3.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c03.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0
AlmaLinux:8ruby-docbefore 2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da9872.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987
AlmaLinux:8ruby-docbefore 2.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f995062.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f99506
AlmaLinux:8ruby-docbefore 3.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c03.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0
AlmaLinux:8ruby-irbbefore 2.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f995062.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f99506
AlmaLinux:8ruby-libsbefore 2.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f995062.5.9-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f99506
AlmaLinux:8ruby-libsbefore 3.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c03.0.4-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0
AlmaLinux:8ruby-libsbefore 2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da9872.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987
AlmaLinux:8rubygem-abrtbefore 0.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+2595+0c654ebc0.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+2595+0c654ebc
AlmaLinux:8rubygem-abrtbefore 0.3.0-4.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec4185530.3.0-4.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553
AlmaLinux:8rubygem-abrt-docbefore 0.3.0-4.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec4185530.3.0-4.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553
AlmaLinux:8rubygem-abrt-docbefore 0.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+2595+0c654ebc0.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+2595+0c654ebc
AlmaLinux:8rubygem-bigdecimalbefore 2.0.0-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da9872.0.0-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987
AlmaLinux:8rubygem-bigdecimalbefore 1.3.4-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f995061.3.4-111.module_el8.9.0+3635+c6f99506
AlmaLinux:8rubygem-bigdecimalbefore 3.0.0-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c03.0.0-141.module_el8.6.0+3263+41cde0c0
AlmaLinux:8rubygem-bsonbefore 4.3.0-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec4185534.3.0-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553
AlmaLinux:8rubygem-bsonbefore 4.8.1-1.module_el8.5.0+117+35d1289b4.8.1-1.module_el8.5.0+117+35d1289b

+96

Same product

ruby-lang: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2017-17405Ruby before 2.4.3 allows Net::FTP command injection.
    57Plan
  • CVE-2008-3656Algorithmic complexity vulnerability in the WEBrick::HTTPUtils.split_header_value function in WEBrick::HTTP::DefaultFileHandler in WEBrick i
    52Plan
  • CVE-2021-28966In Ruby through 3.0 on Windows, a remote attacker can submit a crafted path when a Web application handles a parameter with TmpDir.
    47Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-32066Aug 1, 2021 · An issue was discovered in Ruby through 2.6.7, 2.7.x through 2.7.3, and 3.x through 3.0.1.
    30Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2022-28738May 9, 2022 · A double free was found in the Regexp compiler in Ruby 3.x before 3.0.4 and 3.1.x before 3.1.2.
    40Plan
  • Later →CVE-2016-2338Sep 28, 2022 · An exploitable heap overflow vulnerability exists in the Psych::Emitter start_document function of Ruby.
    40Plan

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
almalinux:ruby2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:ruby-default-gems2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:ruby-devel2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:ruby-doc2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:ruby-libs2.7.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-abrt0.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+2595+0c654ebc · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-abrt-doc0.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+2595+0c654ebc · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-bigdecimal2.0.0-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-bson4.8.1-1.module_el8.5.0+117+35d1289b · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-bson-doc4.8.1-1.module_el8.3.0+6147+d0dfc1e4 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-bundler2.2.24-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-io-console0.5.6-138.module_el8.6.0+3263+904da987 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
alpine:ruby2.7.6-r0 · Alpine:v3.12Package registry (OSV)
debian:ruby2.52.5.5-3+deb10u6 · Debian:10Package registry (OSV)
debian:ruby2.72.7.4-1+deb11u2 · Debian:11Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:ruby2.52.5.9-150000.4.23.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:ruby3.13.1.2-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:ruby3.23.2.1-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:ruby3.33.3.0-1.2 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:ruby3.43.4.1-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:ruby4.04.0.0~preview2-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby0:2.6.10-109.module+el8.6.0+15475+c55337b4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-debuginfo0:2.6.10-109.module+el8.6.0+15475+c55337b4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-debugsource0:2.6.10-109.module+el8.6.0+15475+c55337b4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-devel0:2.6.10-109.module+el8.6.0+15475+c55337b4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-doc0:2.6.10-109.module+el8.6.0+15475+c55337b4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-libs0:2.6.10-109.module+el8.6.0+15475+c55337b4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-libs-debuginfo0:2.6.10-109.module+el8.6.0+15475+c55337b4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:rubygem-abrt0:0.3.0-4.module+el8.1.0+3653+beb38eb0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:rubygem-abrt-doc0:0.3.0-4.module+el8.1.0+3653+beb38eb0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)

+11

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (14 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records