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NVD / CVE Program· CNA fortinet

CVE-2022-23439: A externally controlled reference to a resource in another sphere vulnerability in Fortinet allows attacker to poison web caches via crafte

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 24/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.46% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Fortinet FortiOS 6.4.*.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 4.1, NVD 6.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Fortinet FortiOS 6.4.* or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A externally controlled reference to a resource in another sphere vulnerability in Fortinet allows attacker to poison web caches via crafted HTTP requests, where the `Host` header points to an arbitrary webserver

MediumCVSS 6.1 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jan 22, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 40th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

24

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
24 / 40 · 6.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
6.1
CNA · fortinet
4.1
2.0 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2022-23439

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
fortinetfortiadc
fortinetfortiauthenticator
fortinetfortiddos
fortinetfortiddos-f
fortinetfortimail
fortinetfortindr
fortinetfortiproxy
fortinetfortirecorder
fortinetfortisoar
fortinetfortitester
fortinetfortivoice
fortinetfortiwlc

and 2 more

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • fortinet fortios6.0.0 and later · before 7.0.6
  • fortinet fortios7.2.0 and later · before 7.2.5

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (fortinet). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Fortinet FortiADC

    • 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.1affected · semver
    • 6.2.0 and later · up to and including 6.2.3affected · semver
    • 6.1.0 and later · up to and including 6.1.6affected · semver
    • 6.0.0 and later · up to and including 6.0.4affected · semver
    • 5.4.0 and later · up to and including 5.4.5affected · semver
    • 5.3.0 and later · up to and including 5.3.7affected · semver
    • 5.2.0 and later · up to and including 5.2.8affected · semver
    • 5.1.0 and later · up to and including 5.1.7affected · semver
    • 5.0.0 and later · up to and including 5.0.4affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiAnalyzer

    • 7.4.0 and later · up to and including 7.4.2affected · semver
    • 7.2.0 and later · up to and including 7.2.11affected · semver
    • 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.15affected · semver
    • 6.4.0 and later · up to and including 6.4.15affected · semver
    • 6.2.0 and later · up to and including 6.2.13affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiAuthenticator

    • 5.5.0affected
    • 6.4.0 and later · up to and including 6.4.1affected · semver
    • 6.3.0 and later · up to and including 6.3.3affected · semver
    • 6.2.0 and later · up to and including 6.2.2affected · semver
    • 6.1.0 and later · up to and including 6.1.3affected · semver
    • 6.0.0 and later · up to and including 6.0.8affected · semver
    • 5.4.0 and later · up to and including 5.4.1affected · semver
    • 5.3.0 and later · up to and including 5.3.1affected · semver
    • 5.2.0 and later · up to and including 5.2.2affected · semver
    • 5.1.0 and later · up to and including 5.1.2affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiDDoS

    • 5.2.0, 5.1.0, 5.0.0, 4.7.0, 4.6.0, 4.5.0affected
    • 5.5.0 and later · up to and including 5.5.1affected · semver
    • 5.4.0 and later · up to and including 5.4.3affected · semver
    • 5.3.0 and later · up to and including 5.3.2affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiDDoS-F

    • 6.3.0 and later · up to and including 6.3.3affected · semver
    • 6.2.0 and later · up to and including 6.2.3affected · semver
    • 6.1.0 and later · up to and including 6.1.5affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiMail

    • 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.3affected · semver
    • 6.4.0 and later · up to and including 6.4.8affected · semver
    • 6.2.0 and later · up to and including 6.2.9affected · semver
    • 6.0.0 and later · up to and including 6.0.12affected · semver
    • 5.4.0 and later · up to and including 5.4.12affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiManager

    • 7.4.0 and later · up to and including 7.4.3affected · semver
    • 7.2.0 and later · up to and including 7.2.11affected · semver
    • 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.15affected · semver
    • 6.4.0 and later · up to and including 6.4.15affected · semver
    • 6.2.0 and later · up to and including 6.2.13affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiNDR

    • 7.2.0, 7.1.0, 1.4.0, 1.2.0, 1.1.0affected
    • 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.7affected · semver
    • 1.5.0 and later · up to and including 1.5.3affected · semver
    • 1.3.0 and later · up to and including 1.3.1affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiOS

    • 7.2.0affected
    • 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.5affected · semver
    • 6.4.0 and later · up to and including 6.4.16affected · semver
    • 6.2.0 and later · up to and including 6.2.17affected · semver
    • 6.0.0 and later · up to and including 6.0.18affected · semver
    • 6.4.0 and later · before 6.4.*affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiPortal

    • 6.0.0 and later · up to and including 6.0.9affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiProxy

    • 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.4affected · semver
    • 2.0.0 and later · up to and including 2.0.14affected · semver
    • 1.2.0 and later · up to and including 1.2.13affected · semver
    • 1.1.0 and later · up to and including 1.1.6affected · semver
    • 1.0.0 and later · up to and including 1.0.7affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiRecorder

    • 6.4.0 and later · up to and including 6.4.2affected · semver
    • 6.0.0 and later · up to and including 6.0.10affected · semver
    • 2.7.0 and later · up to and including 2.7.7affected · semver
    • 2.6.0 and later · up to and including 2.6.3affected · semver

Same product

fortinet: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2018-13374A Improper Access Control in Fortinet FortiOS 6.0.2, 5.6.7 and before, FortiADC 6.1.0, 6.0.0 to 6.0.1, 5.4.0 to 5.4.4 allows attacker to obtKEV
    58Plan
  • CVE-2022-38381An improper handling of malformed request vulnerability [CWE-228] exists in FortiADC 5.0 all versions, 6.0.0 all versions, 6.1.0 all version
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2023-25603A permissive cross-domain policy with untrusted domains vulnerability in Fortinet FortiADC 7.1.0 - 7.1.1, FortiDDoS-F 6.3.0 - 6.3.4 and 6.4.
    36Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-50181Jul 9, 2024 · An improper access control vulnerability [CWE-284] in Fortinet FortiADC version 7.4.0 through 7.4.1 and before 7.2.4 allows a read only aut
    26Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-36511Sep 10, 2024 · An improperly implemented security check for standard vulnerability [CWE-358] in FortiADC Web Application Firewall (WAF) 7.4.0 through 7.4.4
    14Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-37933Mar 11, 2025 · An improper neutralization of input during web page generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability [CWE-79] in FortiADC GUI version 7.4.0
    24Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Fortinet FortiOS6.4.*Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-610 · Externally Controlled Reference to a Resource in Another Sphere

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records