The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or a denial of service (memory corruption) because an unprivileged user can achie
Noroxi assessment
Priority: This week (action score 67/100)
- CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Nov 3, 2021). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Nov 17, 2021.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 5.4% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 92.6% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.
Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Until a fix is released, restrict access to the affected component and follow the vendor's advisory.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS
The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or a denial of service (memory corruption) because an unprivileged user can achieve read/write access to read-only pages. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r29p0 before r30p0, Valhall r19p0 through r29p0 before r30p0, and Midgard r8p0 through r30p0 before r31p0.
- Published
- May 10, 2021
- Updated
- Jun 16, 2026
- EPSS
- 5.4% · 92th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-787
Report tools
Action score
67
This week
Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.
- CVSS
- 35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 30 / 30 · Listed
- EPSS
- 2 / 30 · 5.4%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- active
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Actively exploited in the wild
CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Nov 3, 2021. That signals real attacks, not theory.
Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Nov 17, 2021.
Get told when this record changes
- In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
- Weaponized exploit exists
- No fixed version yet
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| arm | bifrost gpu kernel driver | cpe:2.3:a:arm:bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver |
| arm | midgard gpu kernel driver | cpe:2.3:a:arm:midgard_gpu_kernel_driver |
| arm | valhall gpu kernel driver | cpe:2.3:a:arm:valhall_gpu_kernel_driver |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- arm bifrost gpu kernel driverr0p0 and later · before r29p0
- arm midgard gpu kernel driverr8p0 and later · before r31p0
- arm valhall gpu kernel driverr19p0 and later · before r29p0
Same product
arm: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2022-38181The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows unprivileged users to access freed memory because GPU memory operations are mishandled.KEV71This week
- CVE-2021-28663The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading tKEV69This week
- CVE-2021-29256.KEV66This week
Published before and after this one in the same product
- Later →CVE-2021-44828Jan 14, 2022 · Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver (Midgard r26p0 through r30p0, Bifrost r0p0 through r34p0, and Valhall r19p0 through r34p0) allows a non-privilege31Monitor
- Later →CVE-2022-22706Mar 3, 2022 · Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows a non-privileged user to achieve write access to read-only memory pages.KEV61This week
- Later →CVE-2022-28348May 18, 2022 · Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver (Midgard r4p0 through r31p0, Bifrost r0p0 through r36p0 before r37p0, and Valhall r19p0 through r36p0 before r37p39Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.
Exploit status
Weaponized
A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.
Evidence
- Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1
Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.
| Source | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:2 | 2026-09-12 |
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
- Published
- CISA KEV+177 d
- First PoC+1951 d
- TodayOct 24, 2026+1993 d
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds WriteCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.
References
Show all references (3 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.