The package y18n before 3.2.2, 4.0.1 and 5.0.5, is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution.
Noroxi assessment
Priority: This week (action score 60/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 69.3% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 99.3% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: nodejs-nodemon (AlmaLinux:8) 1.18.3-1.module_el8.3.0+2047+b07ac28e, 1.18.3-1.module_el8.3.0+2023+d2377ea3, 2.0.3-1.module_el8.4.0+2521+c668cc9f; nodejs-packaging (AlmaLinux:8) 23-3.module_el8.4.0+2522+3bd42762, 17-3.module_el8.4.0+2224+b07ac28e, 17-3.module_el8.4.0+2521+c668cc9f; nodejs (Alpine:v3.10) 10.24.1-r0.
- Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 7.3, NVD 9.8.
- Mentioned 4 times in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).
Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Upgrade to nodejs-nodemon (AlmaLinux:8) 1.18.3-1.module_el8.3.0+2047+b07ac28e, 1.18.3-1.module_el8.3.0+2023+d2377ea3, 2.0.3-1.module_el8.4.0+2521+c668cc9f; nodejs-packaging (AlmaLinux:8) 23-3.module_el8.4.0+2522+3bd42762, 17-3.module_el8.4.0+2224+b07ac28e, 17-3.module_el8.4.0+2521+c668cc9f; nodejs (Alpine:v3.10) 10.24.1-r0 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
- BDU:2021-02865
- GHSA-c4w7-xm78-47vh
- ALSA-2020:5499
- ALSA-2021:0548
- ALSA-2021:0551
- openSUSE-SU-2021:1059-1
- openSUSE-SU-2021:1060-1
- openSUSE-SU-2021:1061-1
- openSUSE-SU-2021:1113-1
- openSUSE-SU-2021:2327-1
- openSUSE-SU-2021:2353-1
- openSUSE-SU-2021:2354-1
- openSUSE-SU-2021:2618-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:11096-1
- RHSA-2020:5305
- RHSA-2020:5499
- RHSA-2021:0421
- RHSA-2021:0521
- RHSA-2021:0548
- RHSA-2021:0551
- Published
- Nov 17, 2020
- Updated
- Jun 16, 2026
- EPSS
- 69.3% · 99th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-1321
Report tools
Action score
60
This week
Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.
- CVSS
- 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 21 / 30 · 69.3%
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 9.8
- CNA · snyk
- 7.3
- 2.5 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| y18n project | y18n | cpe:2.3:a:y18n_project:y18n |
| oracle | graalvm | cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm |
| siemens | sinec infrastructure network services | cpe:2.3:a:siemens:sinec_infrastructure_network_services |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- oracle graalvm19.3.5
- oracle graalvm20.3.1.2
- oracle graalvm21.0.0.2
- siemens sinec infrastructure network servicesbefore 1.0.1.1
- y18n project y18n5.0.0 and later · before 5.0.5
- y18n project y18nbefore 3.2.2
- y18n project y18n4.0.0
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (snyk). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
n/a y18n
- unspecified and later · before 5.0.5affected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-nodemon | before 1.18.3-1.module_el8.3.0+2047+b07ac28e | 1.18.3-1.module_el8.3.0+2047+b07ac28e |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-nodemon | before 1.18.3-1.module_el8.3.0+2023+d2377ea3 | 1.18.3-1.module_el8.3.0+2023+d2377ea3 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-nodemon | before 2.0.3-1.module_el8.4.0+2521+c668cc9f | 2.0.3-1.module_el8.4.0+2521+c668cc9f |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-packaging | before 23-3.module_el8.4.0+2522+3bd42762 | 23-3.module_el8.4.0+2522+3bd42762 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-packaging | before 17-3.module_el8.4.0+2224+b07ac28e | 17-3.module_el8.4.0+2224+b07ac28e |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-packaging | before 17-3.module_el8.4.0+2521+c668cc9f | 17-3.module_el8.4.0+2521+c668cc9f |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-packaging | before 17-3.module_el8.3.0+2023+d2377ea3 | 17-3.module_el8.3.0+2023+d2377ea3 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-packaging | before 23-3.module_el8.5.0+254+b4526b16 | 23-3.module_el8.5.0+254+b4526b16 |
| Alpine:v3.10 | nodejs | before 10.24.1-r0 | 10.24.1-r0 |
| Alpine:v3.11 | nodejs | before 12.22.1-r0 | 12.22.1-r0 |
| Alpine:v3.13 | nodejs | before 14.16.1-r0 | 14.16.1-r0 |
| Debian:12 | node-y18n | before 4.0.0-3 | 4.0.0-3 |
| npm | y18n | from 4.0.0 · before 4.0.1 | 4.0.1 |
| npm | y18n | from 5.0.0 · before 5.0.5 | 5.0.5 |
| npm | y18n | before 3.2.2 | 3.2.2 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.2 | nodejs10 | before 10.24.1-lp152.2.15.1 | 10.24.1-lp152.2.15.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.2 | nodejs12 | before 12.22.2-lp152.3.15.1 | 12.22.2-lp152.3.15.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.2 | nodejs14 | before 14.17.2-lp152.11.1 | 14.17.2-lp152.11.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.2 | nodejs8 | before 8.17.0-lp152.3.14.1 | 8.17.0-lp152.3.14.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.3 | nodejs10 | before 10.24.1-1.36.1 | 10.24.1-1.36.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.3 | nodejs12 | before 12.22.2-4.16.1 | 12.22.2-4.16.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.3 | nodejs14 | before 14.17.2-5.12.1 | 14.17.2-5.12.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.3 | nodejs8 | before 8.17.0-10.12.2 | 8.17.0-10.12.2 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | nodejs14 | before 14.17.5-1.2 | 14.17.5-1.2 |
+59
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| almalinux:nodejs-nodemon | 1.18.3-1.module_el8.3.0+2023+d2377ea3 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:nodejs-packaging | 17-3.module_el8.4.0+2224+b07ac28e · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:nodejs | 10.24.1-r0 · Alpine:v3.10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:node-y18n | 4.0.0-3 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| npm:y18n | 3.2.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| npm:y18n | 4.0.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| npm:y18n | 5.0.5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:nodejs10 | 10.24.1-lp152.2.15.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:nodejs12 | 12.22.2-lp152.3.15.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:nodejs14 | 14.17.2-lp152.11.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:nodejs8 | 8.17.0-lp152.3.14.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:nodejs | 1:12.19.1-1.module+el8.3.0+8851+b7b41ca0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:nodejs-debuginfo | 1:12.19.1-1.module+el8.3.0+8851+b7b41ca0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:nodejs-debugsource | 1:12.19.1-1.module+el8.3.0+8851+b7b41ca0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:nodejs-devel | 1:12.19.1-1.module+el8.3.0+8851+b7b41ca0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:nodejs-docs | 1:12.19.1-1.module+el8.3.0+8851+b7b41ca0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:nodejs-full-i18n | 1:12.19.1-1.module+el8.3.0+8851+b7b41ca0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:nodejs-nodemon | 0:1.18.3-1.module+el8.1.0+3369+37ae6a45 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:rh-nodejs12-nodejs | 0:12.19.1-2.el7 · Red Hat:rhel_software_collections:3::el7 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:rh-nodejs12-nodejs-debuginfo | 0:12.19.1-2.el7 · Red Hat:rhel_software_collections:3::el7 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:rh-nodejs12-nodejs-devel | 0:12.19.1-2.el7 · Red Hat:rhel_software_collections:3::el7 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:rh-nodejs12-nodejs-docs | 0:12.19.1-2.el7 · Red Hat:rhel_software_collections:3::el7 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:rh-nodejs12-npm | 0:6.14.8-12.19.1.2.el7 · Red Hat:rhel_software_collections:3::el7 | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:nodejs-nodemon | 0:1.18.3-1.module+el8.3.0+101+f84c7154 · Rocky Linux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:nodejs-packaging | 0:17-3.module+el8.3.0+101+f84c7154 · Rocky Linux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:nodejs-common | 2.0-3.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Web and Scripting 15 SP2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:nodejs10 | 10.24.1-1.39.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Web and Scripting 12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:nodejs12 | 12.22.2-1.32.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Web and Scripting 12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:nodejs14 | 14.17.2-6.12.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Web and Scripting 12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:nodejs8 | 8.17.0-10.12.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Web and Scripting 15 SP2 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)
Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.
- TR-22-0215 · Mar 11, 2022(Siemens Güvenlik Bildirimi)
- TR-21-0785 · Sep 29, 2021(IBM Güvenlik Bülteni)
- TR-21-0525 · Jun 28, 2021(IBM Güvenlik Bülteni Yayınladı)
- TR-21-0331 · Apr 21, 2021(Oracle Güvenlik Uyarısı Yayınladı)
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-1321 · Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
ATT&CK techniques
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (2 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.