IP-in-IP protocol allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to route arbitrary network traffic
IP-in-IP protocol specifies IP Encapsulation within IP standard (RFC 2003, STD 1) that decapsulate and route IP-in-IP traffic is vulnerable to spoofing, access-control bypass and other unexpected behavior due to the lack of validation to verify network packets before decapsulation and routing.
- Published
- Jun 2, 2020
- Updated
- Jun 16, 2026
- EPSS
- 28.5% · 98th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-290
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Report tools
Action score
30
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 21 / 40 · 5.3 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 9 / 30 · 28.5%
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| cisco | nx-os | cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os |
| cisco | nexus 1000v | cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_1000v |
| cisco | nexus 1000ve | cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_1000ve |
| cisco | nexus 3016 | cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_3016 |
| cisco | nexus 3048 | cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_3048 |
| cisco | nexus 3064 | cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_3064 |
| cisco | nexus 3064-t | cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_3064-t |
| cisco | nexus 3132q | cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_3132q |
| cisco | nexus 3172 | cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_3172 |
| cisco | nexus 5010 | cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_5010 |
| cisco | nexus 5020 | cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_5020 |
| cisco | nexus 5548p | cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_5548p |
and 51 more
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)a1(1)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)a1(2)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)a1(2a)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u1(1)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u1(1a)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u1(1b)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u1(1c)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u1(1d)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u1(2)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u1(2a)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u2(1)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u2(2)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u2(2a)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u2(2b)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u2(2c)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u2(2d)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u3(1)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u3(2)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u3(2a)
- cisco nx-os5.0(3)u3(2b)
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (certcc). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
IETF RFC2003 - IP Encapsulation within IP
- STD 1affected
Same product
cisco: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2024-20399Cisco NX-OS Software CLI Command Injection VulnerabilityKEV57Plan
- CVE-2018-0301A vulnerability in the NX-API feature of Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to craft a packet to the manag44Plan
- CVE-2016-1453Buffer overflow in the Overlay Transport Virtualization (OTV) GRE feature in Cisco NX-OS 5.0 through 7.3 on Nexus 7000 and 7700 devices allo41Plan
- CVE-2018-0310A vulnerability in the Cisco Fabric Services component of Cisco FXOS Software and Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, remot40Plan
- CVE-2022-20650Cisco NX-OS Software NX-API Command Injection Vulnerability39Monitor
- CVE-2016-1341Cisco NX-OS 7.0(1)N1(1), 7.0(1)N1(3), and 7.0(4)N1(1) on Nexus 2000 Fabric Extender devices has a blank root password, which allows local us39Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.
Exploit status
Proof of concept available
A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.
Evidence
- Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1
Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.
| Source | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:12 | 2025-01-21 |
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
- Published
- First PoC+1694 d
- TodayOct 7, 2026+2318 d
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- low · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- Low
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-290 · Authentication Bypass by SpoofingCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Exploitation of Trusted IdentifiersCAPEC-21likelihood: High · High
- Exploiting Trust in ClientCAPEC-22likelihood: High · High
- Creating a Rogue Certification Authority CertificateCAPEC-459likelihood: Medium · Very High
- Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension WeaknessCAPEC-461High
- Signature SpoofCAPEC-473
- Signature Spoofing by MisrepresentationCAPEC-476likelihood: Low · High
- Session Credential Falsification through PredictionCAPEC-59likelihood: High · High
- Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)CAPEC-60likelihood: High · High
ATT&CK techniques
- Masquerading: Invalid Code SignatureT1036.001
- Access Token ManipulationT1134
- Access Token Manipulation:Token Impersonation/TheftT1134.001
- Steal Application Access TokenT1528
- Steal Web Session CookieT1539
- Use Alternate Authentication Material:Web Session CookieT1550.004
- Subvert Trust Controls: Code SigningT1553.002
- Adversary-in-the-MiddleT1557
Change log
No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.
References
- datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6169
- kb.cert.org/vuls/id/636397/
- tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-nxos-ipip-dos-kCT9X4
- www.digi.com/resources/security
- www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/636397
- www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/199397
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.