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CVE-2019-5477· NVD / CVE Program· CNA hackerone

A command injection vulnerability in Nokogiri v1.10.3 and earlier allows commands to be executed in a subprocess via Ruby's `Kernel.open` me

A command injection vulnerability in Nokogiri v1.10.3 and earlier allows commands to be executed in a subprocess via Ruby's `Kernel.open` method. Processes are vulnerable only if the undocumented method `Nokogiri::CSS::Tokenizer#load_file` is being called with unsafe user input as the filename. This vulnerability appears in code generated by the Rexical gem versions v1.0.6 and earlier. Rexical is used by Nokogiri to generate lexical scanner code for parsing CSS queries. The underlying vulnerability was addressed in Rexical v1.0.7 and Nokogiri upgraded to this version of Rexical in Nokogiri v1.10.4.

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Aug 16, 2019
Updated
Jun 16, 2026
EPSS
5.9% · 93th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

41

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS
39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
2 / 30 · 5.9%

Affected systems

VendorProduct
nokogirinokogiri
canonicalubuntu linux
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • canonical ubuntu linux16.04
  • canonical ubuntu linux18.04
  • canonical ubuntu linux19.04
  • canonical ubuntu linux19.10
  • debian debian linux10.0
  • debian debian linux8.0
  • nokogiri nokogiriup to 1.10.3 inclusive

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (hackerone). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • n/a Nokogiri (ruby gem)

    • Fixed in v1.10.4affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:10rexicalbefore 1.0.5-2+deb10u11.0.5-2+deb10u1
Debian:10ruby-nokogiribefore 1.10.0+dfsg1-2+deb10u11.10.0+dfsg1-2+deb10u1
Debian:12rexicalbefore 1.0.7-11.0.7-1
Debian:12ruby-nokogiribefore 1.10.4+dfsg1-11.10.4+dfsg1-1
Debian:8ruby-nokogiribefore 1.6.3.1+ds-1+deb8u11.6.3.1+ds-1+deb8u1
openSUSE:Leap 15.2rubygem-nokogiribefore 1.8.5-lp152.4.3.11.8.5-lp152.4.3.1
RubyGemsnokogiribefore 1.10.41.10.4
RubyGemsrexicalbefore 1.0.71.0.7
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8ardana-ansiblebefore 8.0+git.1566374355.c509923-3.67.38.0+git.1566374355.c509923-3.67.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8ardana-glancebefore 8.0+git.1566376789.be0fe01-3.17.38.0+git.1566376789.be0fe01-3.17.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8ardana-horizonbefore 8.0+git.1565816064.5d4f73f-3.18.38.0+git.1565816064.5d4f73f-3.18.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8ardana-input-modelbefore 8.0+git.1566517401.98450e6-3.33.38.0+git.1566517401.98450e6-3.33.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8ardana-manilabefore 8.0+git.1568835837.2452e7a-1.21.38.0+git.1568835837.2452e7a-1.21.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8ardana-neutronbefore 8.0+git.1568220097.74ee4b4-3.33.38.0+git.1568220097.74ee4b4-3.33.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8ardana-novabefore 8.0+git.1566902754.c58ff69-3.35.38.0+git.1566902754.c58ff69-3.35.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8ardana-octaviabefore 8.0+git.1568373448.bcaee7e-3.20.38.0+git.1568373448.bcaee7e-3.20.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8ardana-tempestbefore 8.0+git.1566471887.fd2fec7-3.27.38.0+git.1566471887.fd2fec7-3.27.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8galera-3before 25.3.25-4.6.325.3.25-4.6.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8grafanabefore 4.6.5-4.6.34.6.5-4.6.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8mariadbbefore 10.2.25-4.14.210.2.25-4.14.2
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8mariadb-connector-cbefore 3.1.2-3.12.33.1.2-3.12.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8novncbefore 1.0.0-3.6.31.0.0-3.6.3
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8openstack-cinderbefore 11.2.3~dev16-3.21.411.2.3~dev16-3.21.4
SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8openstack-cinder-docbefore 11.2.3~dev16-3.21.311.2.3~dev16-3.21.3

+70

Same product

nokogiri: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-79770Nokogiri before 1.19.3 ReDoS via CSS selector tokenizer
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2022-29181Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type in Nokogiri
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2022-23476Unchecked return value from xmlTextReaderExpand in Nokogiri
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2022-24836Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in Nokogiri
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2012-6685Nokogiri before 1.5.4 is vulnerable to XXE attacks
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2021-41098Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference (XXE) in Nokogiri on JRuby
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:rexical1.0.7-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:ruby-nokogiri1.10.4+dfsg1-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:rubygem-nokogiri1.8.5-lp152.4.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.2Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:nokogiri1.10.4Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:rexical1.0.7Package registry (OSV)
suse:crowbar-core4.0+git.1570463621.40b11cd48-9.54.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)
suse:crowbar-openstack4.0+git.1569429513.e7016b2b6-9.59.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)
suse:grafana4.6.5-1.11.2 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)
suse:novnc1.0.0-12.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)
suse:openstack-keystone10.0.3~dev9-7.18.2 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)
suse:openstack-keystone-doc10.0.3~dev9-7.18.2 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)
suse:openstack-neutron9.4.2~dev21-7.32.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)
suse:openstack-neutron-doc9.4.2~dev21-7.32.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)
suse:openstack-neutron-lbaas9.2.2~dev11-4.18.3 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)
suse:openstack-neutron-lbaas-doc9.2.2~dev11-4.18.3 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)
suse:openstack-nova14.0.11~dev13-4.34.3 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)
suse:openstack-nova-doc14.0.11~dev13-4.34.2 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-78 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
const host = req.body.host;exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);

Fixed

ts
const host = req.body.host;if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

We use this product, ask for help

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records