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NVD / CVE Program· CNA apache

CVE-2019-0230: Apache Struts 2.0.0 to 2.5.20 forced double OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code exe

Noroxi assessment

Priority: This week (action score 68/100)

  • A ready-made attack module is public (Metasploit, Nuclei); exploiting it takes no special expertise.
  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (Exploit-DB, GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 96.9% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 99.8% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven) 2.5.22.
  • Mentioned 6 times in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Upgrade to org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven) 2.5.22 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Apache Struts 2.0.0 to 2.5.20 forced double OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution.

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1—Weaponized Fix available
Published
Sep 14, 2020
Updated
Jun 16, 2026
EPSS
96.9% · 99th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

68

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS
39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
29 / 30 · 96.9%

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  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Weaponized exploit exists
  • A fix has been released

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When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
apachestruts
oraclecommunications policy management
oraclefinancial services data integration hub
oraclefinancial services market risk measurement and management
oraclemysql enterprise monitor

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • apache struts2.0.0 and later · up to 2.5.20 inclusive
  • oracle communications policy management12.5.0
  • oracle financial services data integration hub8.0.3
  • oracle financial services data integration hub8.0.6
  • oracle financial services market risk measurement and management8.0.6
  • oracle mysql enterprise monitorup to 8.0.23 inclusive

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apache). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • n/a Apache Struts

    • Apache Struts 2.0.0 to 2.5.20affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Mavenorg.apache.struts:struts2-corefrom 2.0.0 · before 2.5.222.5.22

Same product

apache: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2017-9791The Struts 1 plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.x and 2.3.x might allow remote code execution via a malicious field value passed in a raw message tKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2017-5638The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts 2 2.3.x before 2.3.32 and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 has incorrect exception handling and error-mesKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2020-17530Forced OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution.KEV
    98Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2012-1592Dec 5, 2019 · A local code execution issue exists in Apache Struts2 when processing malformed XSLT files, which could let a malicious user upload and exec
    44Plan
  • ← EarlierCVE-2015-2992Feb 27, 2020 · Apache Struts before 2.3.20 has a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability.
    26Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2019-0233Sep 14, 2020 · An access permission override in Apache Struts 2.0.0 to 2.5.20 may cause a Denial of Service when performing a file upload.
    50Plan

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Maven:org.apache.struts:struts2-core2.5.22Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Evidence

  • Metasploit module ×1
  • Exploit-DB entry ×1
  • Nuclei detection template ×1
  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×4

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Exploit-DB entryremote2020-11-17
Metasploit moduleexploit/multi/http/struts2_multi_eval_ognlApache Struts 2 Forced Multi OGNL Evaluationexploit2020-09-14
Nuclei detection templateNuclei template CVE-2019-0230 —
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:152020-08-13
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:342020-08-20
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:12020-10-22
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:92020-12-11

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. First PoC-33 d
  2. Metasploit-1 d
  3. Published
  4. TodayNov 2, 2026+2240 d

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

All national notices →

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-1321 · Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records