An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.18.8.
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 32/100)
- Public proof-of-concept code exists (Exploit-DB, GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 3.2% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 87.9% of all records.
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: linux (Debian:12) 4.18.10-1; linux-4.9 (Debian:8) 4.9.110-3+deb9u5~deb8u1; linux (Debian:9) 4.9.110-3+deb9u5.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to linux (Debian:12) 4.18.10-1; linux-4.9 (Debian:8) 4.9.110-3+deb9u5~deb8u1; linux (Debian:9) 4.9.110-3+deb9u5 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.18.8. The vmacache_flush_all function in mm/vmacache.c mishandles sequence number overflows. An attacker can trigger a use-after-free (and possibly gain privileges) via certain thread creation, map, unmap, invalidation, and dereference operations.
- BDU:2018-01144
- DLA-1531-1
- DSA-4308-1
- RHSA-2018:3656
- SUSE-SU-2018:3003-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3004-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3032-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3032-2
- SUSE-SU-2018:3083-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3100-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3158-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3159-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3164-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3171-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3172-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3173-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3238-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3272-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3331-1
- SUSE-SU-2018:3659-1
- Published
- Sep 19, 2018
- Updated
- Jun 16, 2026
- EPSS
- 3.2% · 87th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-416
Report tools
Action score
32
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 1 / 30 · 3.2%
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
| canonical | ubuntu linux | cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux |
| debian | debian linux | cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux |
| netapp | active iq performance analytics services | cpe:2.3:a:netapp:active_iq_performance_analytics_services |
| netapp | element software | cpe:2.3:a:netapp:element_software |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- canonical ubuntu linux14.04
- canonical ubuntu linux16.04
- canonical ubuntu linux18.04
- debian debian linux8.0
- debian debian linux9.0
- linux linux kernel4.15 and later · before 4.18.9
- linux linux kernel3.16 and later · before 3.16.58
- linux linux kernel3.17 and later · before 3.18.123
- linux linux kernel3.19 and later · before 4.4.157
- linux linux kernel4.5 and later · before 4.9.128
- linux linux kernel4.10 and later · before 4.14.71
- netapp active iq performance analytics servicesall versions
- netapp element softwareall versions
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | before 4.18.10-1 | 4.18.10-1 |
| Debian:8 | linux-4.9 | before 4.9.110-3+deb9u5~deb8u1 | 4.9.110-3+deb9u5~deb8u1 |
| Debian:9 | linux | before 4.9.110-3+deb9u5 | 4.9.110-3+deb9u5 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-abi-whitelists | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-alt | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-bootwrapper | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-debug | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-debug-debuginfo | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-debug-devel | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-debuginfo | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-devel | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-doc | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-headers | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-tools | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-tools-debuginfo | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-tools-libs | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | kernel-tools-libs-devel | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | perf | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | perf-debuginfo | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | python-perf | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | python-perf-debuginfo | before 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP3 | kernel-default | before 4.4.156-94.57.1 | 4.4.156-94.57.1 |
+96
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
- CVE-2016-5195Race condition in mm/gup.c in the Linux kernel 2.x through 4.x before 4.8.3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging incorrect haKEV83Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2018-14641Sep 18, 2018 · A security flaw was found in the ip_frag_reasm() function in net/ipv4/ip_fragment.c in the Linux kernel from 4.19-rc1 to 4.19-rc3 inclusive,24Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2018-6693Sep 18, 2018 · Endpoint Security for Linux Threat Prevention (ENSLTP) privilege escalation vulnerability21Monitor
- Later →CVE-2018-16597Sep 21, 2018 · An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.8.22Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| debian:linux | 4.18.10-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:linux-4.9 | 4.9.110-3+deb9u5~deb8u1 · Debian:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-abi-whitelists | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-alt | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-bootwrapper | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debuginfo | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-devel | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-doc | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-headers | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-tools | 0:4.14.0-115.2.2.el7a · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::server | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-bigmem | 3.0.101-108.77.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default | 4.4.156-94.57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-docs | 4.4.156-94.57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 12 SP3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-ec2 | 3.12.74-60.64.107.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-obs-build | 4.4.156-94.57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 12 SP3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-pae | 3.0.101-108.77.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-source | 4.4.156-94.57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-syms | 4.4.156-94.57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-xen | 3.12.74-60.64.107.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12_Update_38 | 1-1.5.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP1_Update_32 | 1-2.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP3_Update_18 | 1-4.3.5 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP3 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
Proof of concept available
A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.
Evidence
- Exploit-DB entry ×2
- Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×4
Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.
| Source | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Exploit-DB entry | local | 2018-09-26 |
| Exploit-DB entry | local | 2018-09-26 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:130 | 2018-09-29 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2018-10-01 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:1 | 2018-10-01 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2023-04-07 |
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
- Published
- First PoC+7 d
- TodayOct 19, 2026+2952 d
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-416 · Use After FreeCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Root cause
After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-416 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
free(dev->buf);/* ... another thread is still running ... */process(dev->buf);Fixed
lock(&dev->lock);free(dev->buf);dev->buf = NULL;unlock(&dev->lock);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (14 more)Show less
- git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=7a9cdebdcc17e426fb5287e4a82db1dfe86339b2
- www.securityfocus.com/bid/105417
- www.securityfocus.com/bid/106503
- www.securitytracker.com/id/1041748
- github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/7a9cdebdcc17e426fb5287e4a82db1dfe86339b2
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/10/msg00003.html
- security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190204-0001/
- usn.ubuntu.com/3776-1/
- usn.ubuntu.com/3776-2/
- usn.ubuntu.com/3777-1/
- usn.ubuntu.com/3777-2/
- usn.ubuntu.com/3777-3/
- www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4308
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/09/18/4
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.