Skip to content
Noroxi
CVE-2016-2539· NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in install_modules.php in ATutor before 2.2.2 allows remote attackers to hijack the authenti

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in install_modules.php in ATutor before 2.2.2 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of users for requests that upload arbitrary files and execute arbitrary PHP code via vectors involving a crafted zip file.

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.0—Proof of concept No fix recorded
Published
Feb 7, 2017
Updated
Jun 16, 2026
EPSS
4.3% · 91th percentile
Follow this CVE

Sign in to follow · You’ll be notified if a followed record enters KEV, gets an exploit or is updated.

Report tools

JSON

Action score

36

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 4.3%

Affected systems

VendorProduct
atutoratutor

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • atutor atutorup to 2.2.1 inclusive

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2016-2555SQL injection vulnerability in include/lib/mysql_connect.inc.php in ATutor 2.2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands v
    63This week
  • CVE-2019-12169ATutor 2.2.4 allows Arbitrary File Upload and Directory Traversal, resulting in remote code execution via a ".." pathname in a ZIP archive t
    57Plan
  • CVE-2017-1000002ATutor versions 2.2.1 and earlier are vulnerable to a directory traversal and file extension check bypass in the Course component resulting
    48Plan
  • CVE-2014-9753confirm.php in ATutor 2.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain access as an existing user via the auto_logi
    40Plan
  • CVE-2019-16114In ATutor 2.2.4, an unauthenticated attacker can change the application settings and force it to use his crafted database, which allows him
    40Plan
  • CVE-2017-1000004ATutor version 2.2.1 and earlier are vulnerable to a SQL injection in the Assignment Dropbox, BasicLTI, Blog Post, Blog, Group Course Email,
    40Plan

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Exploit-DB entry ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Exploit-DB entrywebapps2016-03-07

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. First PoC-337 d
  2. Published
  3. TodaySep 30, 2026+3522 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

State-changing requests rely on the session cookie the browser sends automatically; nothing verifies that the request came from the user’s own page.

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
app.use(session({ cookie: { httpOnly: true } }));app.post("/account/address", updateAddress);

Fixed

ts
app.use(session({ cookie: { httpOnly: true, sameSite: "lax" } }));app.post("/account/address", csrfProtection, updateAddress);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

We use this product, ask for help

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records