The GMP Plugin in strongSwan 4.2.0 through 4.6.3 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via a (1) empty or (2) zeroed RSA signatur
The GMP Plugin in strongSwan 4.2.0 through 4.6.3 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via a (1) empty or (2) zeroed RSA signature, aka "RSA signature verification vulnerability."
- Published
- Jun 27, 2012
- Updated
- Jun 16, 2026
- EPSS
- 3.3% · 88th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-287
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Report tools
Action score
31
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 1 / 30 · 3.3%
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| strongswan | strongswan | cpe:2.3:a:strongswan:strongswan |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- strongswan strongswan4.2.0
- strongswan strongswan4.2.1
- strongswan strongswan4.2.10
- strongswan strongswan4.2.11
- strongswan strongswan4.2.12
- strongswan strongswan4.2.13
- strongswan strongswan4.2.14
- strongswan strongswan4.2.15
- strongswan strongswan4.2.16
- strongswan strongswan4.2.2
- strongswan strongswan4.2.3
- strongswan strongswan4.2.4
- strongswan strongswan4.2.5
- strongswan strongswan4.2.6
- strongswan strongswan4.2.7
- strongswan strongswan4.2.8
- strongswan strongswan4.2.9
- strongswan strongswan4.3.0
- strongswan strongswan4.3.1
- strongswan strongswan4.3.2
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | strongswan | before 4.5.2-1.4 | 4.5.2-1.4 |
| Debian:6.0 | strongswan | before 4.4.1-5.2 | 4.4.1-5.2 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | strongswan | before 5.3.5-1.1 | 5.3.5-1.1 |
Same product
strongswan: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2023-41913strongSwan before 5.9.12 has a buffer overflow and possible unauthenticated remote code execution via a DH public value that exceeds the int40Plan
- CVE-2023-26463strongSwan 5.9.8 and 5.9.9 potentially allows remote code execution because it uses a variable named "public" for two different purposes wit40Plan
- CVE-2015-3991strongSwan 5.2.2 and 5.3.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) or execute arbitrary code.40Plan
- CVE-2021-45079In strongSwan before 5.9.5, a malicious responder can send an EAP-Success message too early without actually authenticating the client and (37Monitor
- CVE-2026-25075strongSwan 4.5.0 < 6.0.5 EAP-TTLS AVP Parsing Integer Underflow34Monitor
- CVE-2025-62291In the eap-mschapv2 plugin (client-side) in strongSwan before 6.0.3, a malicious EAP-MSCHAPv2 server can send a crafted message of size 6 th32Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| debian:strongswan | 4.5.2-1.4 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:strongswan | 5.3.5-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- P · data can be read
- Integrity
- P · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- P · the service can be disrupted
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Confidentiality impact
- P
- Integrity impact
- P
- Availability impact
- P
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-287 · Improper AuthenticationCVSS vector
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
nvd-primary
Root cause
Authentication is added route by route instead of being enforced in one place. When a route added later bypasses the shared middleware, the session check never runs for it.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-287 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
app.use("/admin", requireSession, adminRouter);
// Route added later skips the middlewareapp.post("/admin-api/config", updateConfig);Fixed
const admin = express.Router();admin.use(requireSession, requireRole("admin"));
admin.post("/config", updateConfig);app.use("/admin", admin);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Authentication AbuseCAPEC-114Medium
- Authentication BypassCAPEC-115Medium
- Identity SpoofingCAPEC-151likelihood: Medium · Medium
- Fake the Source of DataCAPEC-194Medium
- Exploiting Trust in ClientCAPEC-22likelihood: High · High
- Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive DataCAPEC-57likelihood: Medium · Very High
- Session HijackingCAPEC-593likelihood: High · Very High
- Token ImpersonationCAPEC-633Medium
ATT&CK techniques
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpChange log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2012-06/msg00002.html
- osvdb.org/82587
- secunia.com/advisories/49315
- secunia.com/advisories/49336
- secunia.com/advisories/49370
- secunia.com/advisories/55051
- www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2483
- www.securityfocus.com/bid/53752
- www.securitytracker.com/id?1027110
- www.strongswan.org/blog/2012/05/31/strongswan-4.6.4-released-%28cve-2012-2388%29.html
- exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/76013
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.