bpf, test_run: Fix use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type()
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.20% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: Linux Linux 1a9e1284e87d59b1303b69d1808d310821d6e5f7, 6b3d638ca897e099fa99bd6d02189d3176f80a47, 972bafed67ca73ad9a56448384281eb5fd5c0ba3; azl3 kernel 6.6.78.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.82.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.82.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.82.1-1.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 1a9e1284e87d59b1303b69d1808d310821d6e5f7, 6b3d638ca897e099fa99bd6d02189d3176f80a47, 972bafed67ca73ad9a56448384281eb5fd5c0ba3; azl3 kernel 6.6.78.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.82.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.82.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.82.1-1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf, test_run: Fix use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type() KMSAN reported a use-after-free issue in eth_skb_pkt_type()[1]. The cause of the issue was that eth_skb_pkt_type() accessed skb's data that didn't contain an Ethernet header. This occurs when bpf_prog_test_run_xdp() passes an invalid value as the user_data argument to bpf_test_init(). Fix this by returning an error when user_data is less than ETH_HLEN in bpf_test_init(). Additionally, remove the check for "if (user_size > size)" as it is unnecessary. [1] BUG: KMSAN: use-after-free in eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [inline] BUG: KMSAN: use-after-free in eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165 eth_skb_pkt_type include/linux/etherdevice.h:627 [inline] eth_type_trans+0x4ee/0x980 net/ethernet/eth.c:165 __xdp_build_skb_from_frame+0x5a8/0xa50 net/core/xdp.c:635 xdp_recv_frames net/bpf/test_run.c:272 [inline] xdp_test_run_batch net/bpf/test_run.c:361 [inline] bpf_test_run_xdp_live+0x2954/0x3330 net/bpf/test_run.c:390 bpf_prog_test_run_xdp+0x148e/0x1b10 net/bpf/test_run.c:1318 bpf_prog_test_run+0x5b7/0xa30 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:4371 __sys_bpf+0x6a6/0xe20 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5777 __do_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5866 [inline] __se_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864 [inline] __x64_sys_bpf+0xa4/0xf0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5864 x64_sys_call+0x2ea0/0x3d90 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:322 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x1d0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Uninit was created at: free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1056 [inline] free_unref_page+0x156/0x1320 mm/page_alloc.c:2657 __free_pages+0xa3/0x1b0 mm/page_alloc.c:4838 bpf_ringbuf_free kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:226 [inline] ringbuf_map_free+0xff/0x1e0 kernel/bpf/ringbuf.c:235 bpf_map_free kernel/bpf/syscall.c:838 [inline] bpf_map_free_deferred+0x17c/0x310 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:862 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa2b/0x1b60 kernel/workqueue.c:3310 worker_thread+0xedf/0x1550 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 kthread+0x535/0x6b0 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x6e/0x90 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 17276 Comm: syz.1.16450 Not tainted 6.12.0-05490-g9bb88c659673 #8 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-3.fc41 04/01/2014
- Published
- Mar 27, 2025
- Updated
- Sep 8, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.2% · 10th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-416
Report tools
Action score
31
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.2%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · Linux
- 7.8
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- linux linux kernel5.18 and later · before 6.1.130
- linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.80
- linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.17
- linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.13.5
- linux linux kernel6.14
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- 5.18affected
- be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23 and later · before f615fccfc689cb48977d275ac2e391297b52392baffected · git
- be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23 and later · before d56d8a23d95100b65f40438639dd82db2af81c11affected · git
- be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23 and later · before 972bafed67ca73ad9a56448384281eb5fd5c0ba3affected · git
- be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23 and later · before 1a9e1284e87d59b1303b69d1808d310821d6e5f7affected · git
- be3d72a2896cb24090f268dce4aa8a304d40bc23 and later · before 6b3d638ca897e099fa99bd6d02189d3176f80a47affected · git
- before 5.18not affected · semver
- 6.1.130 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver
- 6.6.80 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver
- 6.12.17 and later · up to and including 6.12.*not affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:10 | kernel-abi-stablelists | before 6.12.0-55.28.1.el10_0 | 6.12.0-55.28.1.el10_0 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | kernel-doc | before 6.12.0-55.28.1.el10_0 | 6.12.0-55.28.1.el10_0 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-core | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-core | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-devel | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-modules | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-modules-core | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-devel | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-devel-matched | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-modules | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-modules-core | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-modules-extra | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-abi-stablelists | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-core | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-cross-headers | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug-core | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug-devel | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug-devel-matched | before 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 |
+96
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
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- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
- CVE-2016-5195Race condition in mm/gup.c in the Linux kernel 2.x through 4.x before 4.8.3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging incorrect haKEV83Now
- CVE-2019-13272In the Linux kernel before 5.1.17, ptrace_link in kernel/ptrace.c mishandles the recording of the credentials of a process that wants to creKEV77This week
- CVE-2013-6282The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the v6k and v7 ARM platforms do not validate certain addKEV77This week
- CVE-2013-2094The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9 uses an incorrect integer data type, which allows loKEV77This week
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 1a9e1284e87d59b1303b69d1808d310821d6e5f7 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 6b3d638ca897e099fa99bd6d02189d3176f80a47 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 972bafed67ca73ad9a56448384281eb5fd5c0ba3 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | d56d8a23d95100b65f40438639dd82db2af81c11 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | f615fccfc689cb48977d275ac2e391297b52392b | Vendor (CNA) |
| azl3 kernel 6.6.78.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 6.6.82.1-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| azl3 kernel 6.6.82.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 6.6.82.1-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| almalinux:kernel | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-core | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-core | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-core | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-devel | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-devel-matched | 5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:linux | 6.1.133-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel | 0:5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-devel | 0:5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-devel | 0:5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-570.35.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
+2
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-416 · Use After FreeCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-secondary
Root cause
After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-416 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
free(dev->buf);/* ... another thread is still running ... */process(dev->buf);Fixed
lock(&dev->lock);free(dev->buf);dev->buf = NULL;unlock(&dev->lock);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (6 more)Show less
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b3d638ca897e099fa99bd6d02189d3176f80a47
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/972bafed67ca73ad9a56448384281eb5fd5c0ba3
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/d56d8a23d95100b65f40438639dd82db2af81c11
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/f615fccfc689cb48977d275ac2e391297b52392b
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.