sched: sch_cake: add bounds checks to host bulk flow fairness counts
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sched: sch_cake: add bounds checks to host bulk flow fairness counts Even though we fixed a logic error in the commit cited below, syzbot still managed to trigger an underflow of the per-host bulk flow counters, leading to an out of bounds memory access. To avoid any such logic errors causing out of bounds memory accesses, this commit factors out all accesses to the per-host bulk flow counters to a series of helpers that perform bounds-checking before any increments and decrements. This also has the benefit of improving readability by moving the conditional checks for the flow mode into these helpers, instead of having them spread out throughout the code (which was the cause of the original logic error). As part of this change, the flow quantum calculation is consolidated into a helper function, which means that the dithering applied to the ost load scaling is now applied both in the DRR rotation and when a sparse flow's quantum is first initiated. The only user-visible effect of this is that the maximum packet size that can be sent while a flow stays sparse will now vary with +/- one byte in some cases. This should not make a noticeable difference in practice, and thus it's not worth complicating the code to preserve the old behaviour.
- Published
- Jan 19, 2025
- Updated
- Aug 5, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.3% · 19th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-125
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Report tools
Action score
28
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 28 / 40 · 7.1 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.3%
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 7.1
- CNA · Linux
- 7.3
- 0.2 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- linux linux kernel5.4.284 and later · before 5.4.291
- linux linux kernel5.10.226 and later · before 5.10.235
- linux linux kernel5.15.167 and later · before 5.15.179
- linux linux kernel6.1.110 and later · before 6.1.125
- linux linux kernel6.6.51 and later · before 6.6.72
- linux linux kernel6.10.10 and later · before 6.11
- linux linux kernel6.11.1 and later · before 6.12.10
- linux linux kernel6.11
- linux linux kernel6.13
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- d7c01c0714c04431b5e18cf17a9ea68a553d1c3c, 6.11affected
- 4a4eeefa514db570be025ab46d779af180e2c9bb and later · before 44fe1efb4961c1a5ccab16bb579dfc6b308ad58baffected · git
- 7725152b54d295b7da5e34c2f419539b30d017bd and later · before b1a1743aaa4906c41c426eda97e2e2586f79246daffected · git
- cde71a5677971f4f1b69b25e854891dbe78066a4 and later · before bb0245fa72b783cb23a9949c5048781341e91423affected · git
- 549e407569e08459d16122341d332cb508024094 and later · before a777e06dfc72bed73c05dcb437d7c27ad5f90f3faffected · git
- d4a9039a7b3d8005b90c7b1a55a306444f0e5447 and later · before 27202e2e8721c3b23831563c36ed5ac7818641baaffected · git
- 546ea84d07e3e324644025e2aae2d12ea4c5896e and later · before 91bb18950b88f955838ec0c1d97f74d135756dc7affected · git
- 546ea84d07e3e324644025e2aae2d12ea4c5896e and later · before 737d4d91d35b5f7fa5bb442651472277318b0bfdaffected · git
- 5.4.284 and later · before 5.4.291affected · semver
- 5.10.226 and later · before 5.10.235affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | before 6.1.128-1 | 6.1.128-1 |
| Debian:13 | linux | before 6.12.10-1 | 6.12.10-1 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-64k-debug-devel | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-64k-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-64k-devel | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-64k-devel-matched | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-debug-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-debug-devel | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-debug-devel-matched | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-devel | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-devel-matched | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-doc | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-rt-64k-debug-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-rt-64k-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-rt-debug-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-rt-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
| Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | kernel-tools-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 |
+80
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
- CVE-2016-5195Race condition in mm/gup.c in the Linux kernel 2.x through 4.x before 4.8.3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging incorrect haKEV83Now
- CVE-2019-13272In the Linux kernel before 5.1.17, ptrace_link in kernel/ptrace.c mishandles the recording of the credentials of a process that wants to creKEV77This week
- CVE-2013-6282The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the v6k and v7 ARM platforms do not validate certain addKEV77This week
- CVE-2013-2094The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9 uses an incorrect integer data type, which allows loKEV77This week
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 27202e2e8721c3b23831563c36ed5ac7818641ba | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 44fe1efb4961c1a5ccab16bb579dfc6b308ad58b | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 5.10.235 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 5.15.179 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 5.4.291 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 6.1.125 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 6.11 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 6.6.72 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 737d4d91d35b5f7fa5bb442651472277318b0bfd | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 91bb18950b88f955838ec0c1d97f74d135756dc7 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | a777e06dfc72bed73c05dcb437d7c27ad5f90f3f | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | b1a1743aaa4906c41c426eda97e2e2586f79246d | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | bb0245fa72b783cb23a9949c5048781341e91423 | Vendor (CNA) |
| debian:linux | 6.1.128-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-devel | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-devel | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le | 0:5.14.0-570.86.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-64kb | 5.14.21-150500.55.97.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default | 5.14.21-150500.55.97.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default-base | 5.14.21-150500.55.97.1.150500.6.45.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-docs | 5.14.21-150500.55.97.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS | Package registry (OSV) |
+7
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds ReadCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
ATT&CK techniques
—
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/27202e2e8721c3b23831563c36ed5ac7818641ba
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/44fe1efb4961c1a5ccab16bb579dfc6b308ad58b
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/737d4d91d35b5f7fa5bb442651472277318b0bfd
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/91bb18950b88f955838ec0c1d97f74d135756dc7
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/a777e06dfc72bed73c05dcb437d7c27ad5f90f3f
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/b1a1743aaa4906c41c426eda97e2e2586f79246d
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb0245fa72b783cb23a9949c5048781341e91423
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-503939.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.