ftrace: Fix NULL pointer dereference in is_ftrace_trampoline when ftrace is dead
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ftrace: Fix NULL pointer dereference in is_ftrace_trampoline when ftrace is dead ftrace_startup does not remove ops from ftrace_ops_list when ftrace_startup_enable fails: register_ftrace_function ftrace_startup __register_ftrace_function ... add_ftrace_ops(&ftrace_ops_list, ops) ... ... ftrace_startup_enable // if ftrace failed to modify, ftrace_disabled is set to 1 ... return 0 // ops is in the ftrace_ops_list. When ftrace_disabled = 1, unregister_ftrace_function simply returns without doing anything: unregister_ftrace_function ftrace_shutdown if (unlikely(ftrace_disabled)) return -ENODEV; // return here, __unregister_ftrace_function is not executed, // as a result, ops is still in the ftrace_ops_list __unregister_ftrace_function ... If ops is dynamically allocated, it will be free later, in this case, is_ftrace_trampoline accesses NULL pointer: is_ftrace_trampoline ftrace_ops_trampoline do_for_each_ftrace_op(op, ftrace_ops_list) // OOPS! op may be NULL! Syzkaller reports as follows: [ 1203.506103] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 000000000000010b [ 1203.508039] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode [ 1203.508798] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page [ 1203.509558] PGD 800000011660b067 P4D 800000011660b067 PUD 130fb8067 PMD 0 [ 1203.510560] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI [ 1203.511189] CPU: 6 PID: 29532 Comm: syz-executor.2 Tainted: G B W 5.10.0 #8 [ 1203.512324] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 [ 1203.513895] RIP: 0010:is_ftrace_trampoline+0x26/0xb0 [ 1203.514644] Code: ff eb d3 90 41 55 41 54 49 89 fc 55 53 e8 f2 00 fd ff 48 8b 1d 3b 35 5d 03 e8 e6 00 fd ff 48 8d bb 90 00 00 00 e8 2a 81 26 00 <48> 8b ab 90 00 00 00 48 85 ed 74 1d e8 c9 00 fd ff 48 8d bb 98 00 [ 1203.518838] RSP: 0018:ffffc900012cf960 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 1203.520092] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 000000000000007b RCX: ffffffff8a331866 [ 1203.521469] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000008 RDI: 000000000000010b [ 1203.522583] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffffff8df18b07 [ 1203.523550] R10: fffffbfff1be3160 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000478399 [ 1203.524596] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffff888145088000 R15: 0000000000000008 [ 1203.525634] FS: 00007f429f5f4700(0000) GS:ffff8881daf00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 1203.526801] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 1203.527626] CR2: 000000000000010b CR3: 0000000170e1e001 CR4: 00000000003706e0 [ 1203.528611] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [ 1203.529605] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Therefore, when ftrace_startup_enable fails, we need to rollback registration process and remove ops from ftrace_ops_list.
Noroxi analysis
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We use this product, ask for help- Published
- Jun 18, 2025
- Updated
- Aug 5, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.3% · 16th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-476
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Report tools
Action score
22
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.3%
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 5.5
- CNA · Linux
- 7.8
- 2.3 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- linux linux kernelbefore 4.9.327
- linux linux kernel4.10 and later · before 4.14.292
- linux linux kernel4.15 and later · before 4.19.257
- linux linux kernel4.20 and later · before 5.4.212
- linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.141
- linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.65
- linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 5.19.7
- linux linux kernel6.0
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- 969a08e9048ddd0d655a19e692673cdb95116ce6, 51d351d5b949ae7204696ada7ef502ed34d34fb0, 2940c25bec92f40a3f7f32504b8ea115d1701892, 189f4e672fc1c086f78818affc810ef29dda42a3, 3.13affected
- 8a56d7761d2d041ae5e8215d20b4167d8aa93f51 and later · before 8569b4ada1e0b9bfaa125bd0c0967918b6560fa2affected · git
- 8a56d7761d2d041ae5e8215d20b4167d8aa93f51 and later · before 4c34a2a6c9927c239dd2e295a03d49b37b618d2caffected · git
- 8a56d7761d2d041ae5e8215d20b4167d8aa93f51 and later · before ddffe882d74ef43a3494f0ab0c24baf076c45f96affected · git
- 8a56d7761d2d041ae5e8215d20b4167d8aa93f51 and later · before 934e49f7d696afdae9f979abe3f308408184e17baffected · git
- 8a56d7761d2d041ae5e8215d20b4167d8aa93f51 and later · before dbd8c8fc60480e3faa3ae7e27ebe03371ecd1b77affected · git
- 8a56d7761d2d041ae5e8215d20b4167d8aa93f51 and later · before e4ae97295984ff1b9b340ed18ae1b066f36b7835affected · git
- 8a56d7761d2d041ae5e8215d20b4167d8aa93f51 and later · before d81bd6671f45fde4c3ac7fd7733c6e3082ae9d8eaffected · git
- 8a56d7761d2d041ae5e8215d20b4167d8aa93f51 and later · before c3b0f72e805f0801f05fa2aa52011c4bfc694c44affected · git
- 3.2.54 and later · before 3.3affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:8 | bpftool | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-abi-stablelists | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-core | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-cross-headers | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-debug | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-debug-core | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-debug-devel | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-debug-modules | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-debug-modules-extra | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-devel | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-doc | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-headers | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-modules | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-modules-extra | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-core | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-debug | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-debug-core | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-debug-devel | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-debug-modules | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-debug-modules-extra | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-devel | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-modules | before 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 | 4.18.0-553.64.1.rt7.405.el8_10 |
+96
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
- CVE-2016-5195Race condition in mm/gup.c in the Linux kernel 2.x through 4.x before 4.8.3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging incorrect haKEV83Now
- CVE-2019-13272In the Linux kernel before 5.1.17, ptrace_link in kernel/ptrace.c mishandles the recording of the credentials of a process that wants to creKEV77This week
- CVE-2013-6282The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the v6k and v7 ARM platforms do not validate certain addKEV77This week
- CVE-2013-2094The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9 uses an incorrect integer data type, which allows loKEV77This week
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 3.11 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 3.13 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 3.3 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 3.5 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 4c34a2a6c9927c239dd2e295a03d49b37b618d2c | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 8569b4ada1e0b9bfaa125bd0c0967918b6560fa2 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 934e49f7d696afdae9f979abe3f308408184e17b | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | c3b0f72e805f0801f05fa2aa52011c4bfc694c44 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | d81bd6671f45fde4c3ac7fd7733c6e3082ae9d8e | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | dbd8c8fc60480e3faa3ae7e27ebe03371ecd1b77 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | ddffe882d74ef43a3494f0ab0c24baf076c45f96 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | e4ae97295984ff1b9b340ed18ae1b066f36b7835 | Vendor (CNA) |
| almalinux:bpftool | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-abi-stablelists | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-core | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-cross-headers | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-debug | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-debug-core | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-debug-devel | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-debug-modules | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-debug-modules-extra | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-devel | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-doc | 4.18.0-553.64.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:linux | 6.0.2-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:bpftool-debuginfo | 0:7.3.0-427.13.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel | 0:5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
+21
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-476 · NULL Pointer DereferenceCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c34a2a6c9927c239dd2e295a03d49b37b618d2c
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/8569b4ada1e0b9bfaa125bd0c0967918b6560fa2
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/934e49f7d696afdae9f979abe3f308408184e17b
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/c3b0f72e805f0801f05fa2aa52011c4bfc694c44
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/d81bd6671f45fde4c3ac7fd7733c6e3082ae9d8e
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbd8c8fc60480e3faa3ae7e27ebe03371ecd1b77
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/ddffe882d74ef43a3494f0ab0c24baf076c45f96
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4ae97295984ff1b9b340ed18ae1b066f36b7835
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.