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CVE-2025-69646· NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

Binutils objdump contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF debug_rnglists data.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.16% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: azl3 binutils 2.41-10 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-11; azl3 binutils 2.41-11 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-11; cbl2 binutils 2.37-20 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 Release Notes.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 binutils 2.41-10 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-11; azl3 binutils 2.41-11 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-11; cbl2 binutils 2.37-20 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 Release Notes or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Binutils objdump contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF debug_rnglists data. A logic error in the handling of the debug_rnglists header can cause objdump to repeatedly print the same warning message and fail to terminate, resulting in an unbounded logging loop until the process is interrupted. The issue was observed in binutils 2.44. A local attacker can exploit this vulnerability by supplying a malicious input file, leading to excessive CPU and I/O usage and preventing completion of the objdump analysis.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Mar 6, 2026
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 4th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-69646

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
gnubinutils

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • gnu binutils2.44

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12binutilsall versions—
Debian:14binutilsbefore 2.46-12.46-1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedbinutilsbefore 2.47-1.12.47-1.1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1binutilsbefore 0:2.45.1-5.hum10:2.45.1-5.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1binutils-develbefore 0:2.45.1-5.hum10:2.45.1-5.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1binutils-goldbefore 0:2.45.1-5.hum10:2.45.1-5.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1binutils-gprofngbefore 0:2.45.1-5.hum10:2.45.1-5.hum1

Same product

gnu: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2018-12699finish_stab in stabs.c in GNU Binutils 2.30 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow) or possibly have unsp
    40Plan
  • CVE-2017-7614elflink.c in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.28, has a "member access within null po
    40Plan
  • CVE-2014-9939ihex.c in GNU Binutils before 2.26 contains a stack buffer overflow when printing bad bytes in Intel Hex objects.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2017-7226The pe_ILF_object_p function in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.28, is vulnerable to
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2017-6969readelf in GNU Binutils 2.28 is vulnerable to a heap-based buffer over-read while processing corrupt RL78 binaries.
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2020-19726An issue was discovered in binutils libbfd.c 2.36 relating to the auxiliary symbol data allows attackers to read or write to system memory o
    35Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
azl3 binutils 2.41-10 on Azure Linux 3.02.41-11 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 binutils 2.41-11 on Azure Linux 3.02.41-11 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 binutils 2.37-20 on CBL-Mariner 2.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:binutils2.46-1 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:binutils2.47-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:binutils0:2.45.1-5.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:binutils-devel0:2.45.1-5.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:binutils-gold0:2.45.1-5.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:binutils-gprofng0:2.45.1-5.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-6686367 days apartAn issue was discovered in function d_discriminator in file cp-demangle.c in BinUtils 2.26 allows attackers to cause a denial of service via
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2025-696450 days apartBinutils objdump contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF debug information.
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2026-684447 days apartBinutils: binutils: denial of service vulnerabilities in readelf via crafted elf files
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2025-696440 days apartAn issue was discovered in Binutils before 2.46.
    20Monitor
  • CVE-2025-6686167 days apartAn issue was discovered in function d_unqualified_name in file cp-demangle.c in BinUtils 2.26 allowing attackers to cause a denial of servic
    10Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-400 · Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

Code that parses nested structures sets no depth or size limit. A small input can turn into a disproportionate processing load.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-400 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
function expand(node) {  return node.children.map(expand);}

Fixed

ts
const MAX_DEPTH = 32;function expand(node, depth = 0) {  if (depth > MAX_DEPTH) throw new Error("too deep");  return node.children.map((c) => expand(c, depth + 1));}

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records