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CVE-2025-66045· NVD / CVE Program· CNA talos

Several stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 39/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.54% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: biosig (Debian:14) 3.9.5-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to biosig (Debian:14) 3.9.5-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Several stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1. A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger these vulnerabilities.When Tag is 65

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Dec 11, 2025
Updated
Oct 7, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 44th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

39

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · talos
9.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
libbiosig projectlibbiosig

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • libbiosig project libbiosigbefore 3.9.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (talos). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • The Biosig Project libbiosig

    • 3.9.1affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12biosigfrom 0—
Debian:14biosigbefore 3.9.5-13.9.5-1

Same product

libbiosig project: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2024-23809A double-free vulnerability exists in the BrainVision ASCII Header Parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 2.5.0 and Master Br
    40Plan
  • CVE-2024-23606An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the sopen_FAMOS_read functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 2.5.0 and Master Branch (a
    40Plan
  • CVE-2024-23313An integer underflow vulnerability exists in the sopen_FAMOS_read functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 2.5.0 and Master Branch (ab0
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-66043Dec 11, 2025 · Several stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1.
    39Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-66044Dec 11, 2025 · Several stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1.
    39Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-66046Dec 11, 2025 · Several stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1.
    39Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:biosig3.9.5-1 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-660430 days apartSeveral stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-660440 days apartSeveral stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-660460 days apartSeveral stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-660470 days apartSeveral stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-660480 days apartSeveral stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-54486108 days apartA stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch
    39Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-121 · Stack-based Buffer Overflow

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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