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CVE-2025-6541· NVD / CVE Program· CNA TPLink

OS command injection using information obtained from the web management interface

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 34/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.68% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 51.6% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. Administrator privileges are required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: TP-Link Systems Inc. Festa gateways FR365 1.1.10, FR205 1.0.3, FR307 1.2.5; TP-Link Systems Inc. Omada gateways ER8411 1.3.3, ER7412-M2 1.1.0, ER707-M2 1.3.1, ER7206 2.2.2, ER605 2.3.1, ER706W 1.2.1, ER706W-4G 1.2.1, ER7212PC 2.1.3; TP-Link Systems Inc. Omada Pro gateways G36 1.1.4, G611 1.2.2.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to TP-Link Systems Inc. Festa gateways FR365 1.1.10, FR205 1.0.3, FR307 1.2.5; TP-Link Systems Inc. Omada gateways ER8411 1.3.3, ER7412-M2 1.1.0, ER707-M2 1.3.1, ER7206 2.2.2, ER605 2.3.1, ER706W 1.2.1, ER706W-4G 1.2.1, ER7212PC 2.1.3; TP-Link Systems Inc. Omada Pro gateways G36 1.1.4, G611 1.2.2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

An arbitrary OS command may be executed on the product by the user who can log in to the web management interface.

HighCVSS 8.6 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Oct 20, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.6% · 51th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

34

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
34 / 40 · 8.6 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · TPLink
8.6
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-6541

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
tp-linker706w firmware
tp-linker706w
tp-linker706w-4g firmware
tp-linker706w-4g
tp-linker7212pc firmware
tp-linker7212pc
tp-linkg36 firmware
tp-linkg36
tp-linkg611 firmware
tp-linkg611
tp-linkfr365 firmware
tp-linkfr365

and 14 more

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • tp-link er605 firmwarebefore 2.3.1
  • tp-link er605 firmware2.3.1
  • tp-link er706w firmwarebefore 1.2.1
  • tp-link er706w firmware1.2.1
  • tp-link er706w-4g firmwarebefore 1.2.1
  • tp-link er706w-4g firmware1.2.1
  • tp-link er707-m2 firmwarebefore 1.3.1
  • tp-link er707-m2 firmware1.3.1
  • tp-link er7206 firmwarebefore 2.2.2
  • tp-link er7206 firmware2.2.2
  • tp-link er7212pc firmwarebefore 2.1.3
  • tp-link er7212pc firmware2.1.3
  • tp-link er7412-m2 firmwarebefore 1.1.0
  • tp-link er7412-m2 firmware1.1.0
  • tp-link er8411 firmwarebefore 1.3.3
  • tp-link er8411 firmware1.3.3
  • tp-link fr205 firmwarebefore 1.0.3
  • tp-link fr205 firmware1.0.3
  • tp-link fr307-m2 firmwarebefore 1.2.5
  • tp-link fr307-m2 firmware1.2.5

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (TPLink). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • TP-Link Systems Inc. Festa gateways

    • before FR365 1.1.10, FR205 1.0.3, FR307 1.2.5affected · Firmware

  • TP-Link Systems Inc. Omada gateways

    • before ER8411 1.3.3, ER7412-M2 1.1.0, ER707-M2 1.3.1, ER7206 2.2.2, ER605 2.3.1, ER706W 1.2.1, ER706W-4G 1.2.1, ER7212PC 2.1.3affected · Firmware

  • TP-Link Systems Inc. Omada Pro gateways

    • before G36 1.1.4, G611 1.2.2affected · Firmware

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
TP-Link Systems Inc. Festa gatewaysFR365 1.1.10, FR205 1.0.3, FR307 1.2.5Vendor (CNA)
TP-Link Systems Inc. Omada gatewaysER8411 1.3.3, ER7412-M2 1.1.0, ER707-M2 1.3.1, ER7206 2.2.2, ER605 2.3.1, ER706W 1.2.1, ER706W-4G 1.2.1, ER7212PC 2.1.3Vendor (CNA)
TP-Link Systems Inc. Omada Pro gatewaysG36 1.1.4, G611 1.2.2Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • Administrator privileges are required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
High
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-78 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
const host = req.body.host;exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);

Fixed

ts
const host = req.body.host;if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records