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CVE-2025-5372· NVD / CVE Program· CNA redhat

Libssh: incorrect return code handling in ssh_kdf() in libssh

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 35/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.50% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: libssh libssh 0.11.2; azl3 libssh 0.10.6-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 0.10.6-2; azl3 libssh 0.10.6-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 0.10.6-2.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 5.0, NVD 8.8.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to libssh libssh 0.11.2; azl3 libssh 0.10.6-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 0.10.6-2; azl3 libssh 0.10.6-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 0.10.6-2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A flaw was found in libssh versions built with OpenSSL versions older than 3.0, specifically in the ssh_kdf() function responsible for key derivation. Due to inconsistent interpretation of return values where OpenSSL uses 0 to indicate failure and libssh uses 0 for success—the function may mistakenly return a success status even when key derivation fails. This results in uninitialized cryptographic key buffers being used in subsequent communication, potentially compromising SSH sessions' confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 4, 2025
Updated
Sep 1, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 41th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

35

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
8.8
CNA · redhat
5.0
3.8 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
libsshlibssh
redhatopenshift container platform
redhatenterprise linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • libssh libsshbefore 0.11.2
  • redhat enterprise linux10.0
  • redhat enterprise linux6.0
  • redhat enterprise linux7.0
  • redhat enterprise linux8.0
  • redhat enterprise linux9.0
  • redhat openshift container platform4.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (redhat). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • libssh libssh

    • before 0.11.2affected · semver

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10

    • all versionsunknown

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

    • all versionsunknown

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    • all versionsunknown

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    • 0:0.9.6-16.el8_10 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 0:0.9.6-16.el8_10 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support

    • 0:0.9.4-2.el8_4.2 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On

    • 0:0.9.4-2.el8_4.2 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support

    • 0:0.9.6-4.el8_6.2 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On

    • 0:0.9.6-4.el8_6.2 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service

    • 0:0.9.6-13.el8_8.2 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions

    • 0:0.9.6-13.el8_8.2 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

    • all versionsaffected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:8libsshbefore 0.9.6-16.el8_100.9.6-16.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8libssh-configbefore 0.9.6-16.el8_100.9.6-16.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8libssh-develbefore 0.9.6-16.el8_100.9.6-16.el8_10
Debian:11libsshbefore 0.9.8-0+deb11u20.9.8-0+deb11u2
Debian:12libsshbefore 0.10.6-0+deb12u20.10.6-0+deb12u2
Debian:13libsshbefore 0.11.2-10.11.2-1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedlibsshbefore 0.11.2-1.10.11.2-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamlibssh-debuginfobefore 0:0.9.6-16.el8_100:0.9.6-16.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamlibssh-debugsourcebefore 0:0.9.6-16.el8_100:0.9.6-16.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamlibssh-develbefore 0:0.9.6-16.el8_100:0.9.6-16.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseoslibsshbefore 0:0.9.6-16.el8_100:0.9.6-16.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseoslibssh-configbefore 0:0.9.6-16.el8_100:0.9.6-16.el8_10
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstreamlibssh-debuginfobefore 0:0.9.4-2.el8_4.20:0.9.4-2.el8_4.2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstreamlibssh-debugsourcebefore 0:0.9.4-2.el8_4.20:0.9.4-2.el8_4.2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstreamlibssh-develbefore 0:0.9.4-2.el8_4.20:0.9.4-2.el8_4.2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.4::baseoslibsshbefore 0:0.9.4-2.el8_4.20:0.9.4-2.el8_4.2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.4::baseoslibssh-configbefore 0:0.9.4-2.el8_4.20:0.9.4-2.el8_4.2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstreamlibssh-debuginfobefore 0:0.9.6-4.el8_6.20:0.9.6-4.el8_6.2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstreamlibssh-debugsourcebefore 0:0.9.6-4.el8_6.20:0.9.6-4.el8_6.2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstreamlibssh-develbefore 0:0.9.6-4.el8_6.20:0.9.6-4.el8_6.2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseoslibsshbefore 0:0.9.6-4.el8_6.20:0.9.6-4.el8_6.2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseoslibssh-configbefore 0:0.9.6-4.el8_6.20:0.9.6-4.el8_6.2
Red Hat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstreamlibssh-debuginfobefore 0:0.9.6-13.el8_8.20:0.9.6-13.el8_8.2
Red Hat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstreamlibssh-debugsourcebefore 0:0.9.6-13.el8_8.20:0.9.6-13.el8_8.2

+16

Same product

libssh: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2018-10933A vulnerability was found in libssh's server-side state machine before versions 0.7.6 and 0.8.4.
    64This week
  • CVE-2019-14889A flaw was found with the libssh API function ssh_scp_new() in versions before 0.9.3 and before 0.8.8.
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-59851Libssh: libssh: authentication bypass via missing gssapi principal check
    35Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-6004Jan 3, 2024 · Libssh: proxycommand/proxyjump features allow injection of malicious code through hostname
    19Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-5318Jun 24, 2025 · Libssh: out-of-bounds read in sftp_handle()
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-5351Jul 4, 2025 · Libssh: double free vulnerability in libssh key export functions
    26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
libssh libssh0.11.2Vendor (CNA)
azl3 libssh 0.10.6-1 on Azure Linux 3.00.10.6-2 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 libssh 0.10.6-2 on Azure Linux 3.00.10.6-2 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 libssh 0.10.6-1 on CBL Mariner 2.00.10.6-2 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 libssh 0.10.6-2 on CBL Mariner 2.00.10.6-2 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:libssh0.9.6-16.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:libssh-config0.9.6-16.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:libssh-devel0.9.6-16.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
debian:libssh0.10.6-0+deb12u2 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:libssh0.9.8-150600.11.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:libssh0:0.9.6-16.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libssh-config0:0.9.6-16.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libssh-debuginfo0:0.9.6-16.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libssh-debugsource0:0.9.6-16.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:libssh-devel0:0.9.6-16.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
rocky linux:libssh0:0.9.6-16.el8_10 · Rocky Linux:8Package registry (OSV)
suse:libssh0.9.8-150600.11.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-682 · Incorrect Calculation

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records