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CVE-2025-2912· NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulDB

HDF5 H5Omessage.c H5O_msg_flush heap-based overflow

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 7/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.27% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: hdf5 (Debian:14) 2.1.0+repack-1.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 4.8, NVD 1.9.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to hdf5 (Debian:14) 2.1.0+repack-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A vulnerability was found in HDF5 up to 1.14.6. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function H5O_msg_flush of the file src/H5Omessage.c. The manipulation of the argument oh leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

LowCVSS 1.9 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Mar 28, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 18th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

7

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
7 / 40 · 1.9 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulDB
4.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-2912

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
hdfgrouphdf5

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • hdfgroup hdf5before 2.0.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulDB). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • n/a HDF5

    • 1.14.0, 1.14.1, 1.14.2, 1.14.3, 1.14.4, 1.14.5, 1.14.6affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12hdf5from 0—
Debian:14hdf5before 2.1.0+repack-12.1.0+repack-1

Same product

hdfgroup: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2018-13876An issue was discovered in the HDF HDF5 1.8.20 library.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2018-13874An issue was discovered in the HDF HDF5 1.8.20 library.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2018-13873An issue was discovered in the HDF HDF5 1.8.20 library.
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-2309Mar 14, 2025 · HDF5 Type Conversion Logic H5T__bit_copy heap-based overflow
    19Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-2310Mar 14, 2025 · HDF5 Metadata Attribute Decoder H5MM_strndup heap-based overflow
    19Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-2913Mar 28, 2025 · HDF5 H5FL.c H5FL__blk_gc_list use after free
    7Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:hdf52.1.0+repack-1 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-230814 days apartHDF5 Scale-Offset Filter H5Z__scaleoffset_decompress_one_byte heap-based overflow
    19Monitor
  • CVE-2025-230914 days apartHDF5 Type Conversion Logic H5T__bit_copy heap-based overflow
    19Monitor
  • CVE-2025-231014 days apartHDF5 Metadata Attribute Decoder H5MM_strndup heap-based overflow
    19Monitor
  • CVE-2025-215318 days apartHDF5 h5 File H5SM.c H5SM_delete heap-based overflow
    9Monitor
  • CVE-2025-29230 days apartHDF5 H5Fint.c H5F_addr_encode_len heap-based overflow
    7Monitor
  • CVE-2025-29240 days apartHDF5 H5HLcache.c H5HL__fl_deserialize heap-based overflow
    7Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records