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CVE-2023-4408· NVD / CVE Program· CNA isc

Parsing large DNS messages may cause excessive CPU load

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1.3% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 72% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Azure Linux 3.0 ARM 9.19.21-1; Azure Linux 3.0 x64 9.19.21-1; CBL Mariner 2.0 ARM 9.16.48-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Azure Linux 3.0 ARM 9.19.21-1; Azure Linux 3.0 x64 9.19.21-1; CBL Mariner 2.0 ARM 9.16.48-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

The DNS message parsing code in `named` includes a section whose computational complexity is overly high. It does not cause problems for typical DNS traffic, but crafted queries and responses may cause excessive CPU load on the affected `named` instance by exploiting this flaw. This issue affects both authoritative servers and recursive resolvers. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.0.0 through 9.16.45, 9.18.0 through 9.18.21, 9.19.0 through 9.19.19, 9.9.3-S1 through 9.11.37-S1, 9.16.8-S1 through 9.16.45-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.21-S1.

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 13, 2024
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
1.3% · 72th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

30

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 1.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · isc
7.5
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2023-4408

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
netappontap
fedoraprojectfedora
iscbind

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • fedoraproject fedora38
  • fedoraproject fedora39
  • isc bind9.18.0 and later · up to 9.18.21 inclusive
  • isc bind9.0.0 and later · up to 9.16.45 inclusive
  • isc bind9.19.0 and later · up to 9.19.19 inclusive
  • isc bind9.16.11
  • isc bind9.16.12
  • isc bind9.16.13
  • isc bind9.16.14
  • isc bind9.16.21
  • isc bind9.16.32
  • isc bind9.16.36
  • isc bind9.16.43
  • isc bind9.16.8
  • isc bind9.18.0
  • isc bind9.18.11
  • isc bind9.18.18
  • isc bind9.9.3
  • netapp ontap9.14.1
  • netapp ontap9.15.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (isc). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • ISC BIND 9

    • 9.0.0 and later · up to and including 9.16.45affected
    • 9.18.0 and later · up to and including 9.18.21affected
    • 9.19.0 and later · up to and including 9.19.19affected
    • 9.9.3-S1 and later · up to and including 9.11.37-S1affected
    • 9.16.8-S1 and later · up to and including 9.16.45-S1affected
    • 9.18.11-S1 and later · up to and including 9.18.21-S1affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:8bindbefore 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8bindbefore 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-chrootbefore 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8bind-chrootbefore 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-develbefore 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8bind-develbefore 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-export-develbefore 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8bind-export-develbefore 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-export-libsbefore 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8bind-export-libsbefore 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-libsbefore 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8bind-libsbefore 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-libs-litebefore 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-libs-litebefore 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8bind-licensebefore 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8bind-licensebefore 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-lite-develbefore 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-lite-develbefore 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8bind-pkcs11before 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-pkcs11before 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8bind-pkcs11-develbefore 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-pkcs11-develbefore 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8bind-pkcs11-libsbefore 32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.132:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
AlmaLinux:8bind-pkcs11-libsbefore 32:9.11.36-14.el8_1032:9.11.36-14.el8_10

+96

Same product

netapp: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-22049ONTAP versions 9.16.1 and higher with WebAuthn multi-factor authentication (MFA) configured are susceptible to a vulnerability related to th
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-22050ONTAP versions 9.16.1 prior to 9.16.1P9 and 9.17.1 prior to 9.17.1P2 with snapshot locking enabled are susceptible to a vulnerability which
    27Monitor
  • CVE-2026-22052ONTAP versions 9.12.1 and higher with S3 NAS buckets are susceptible to an information disclosure vulnerability.
    21Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-27317Dec 15, 2023 · Information Disclosure Vulnerability in ONTAP 9
    18Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Azure Linux 3.0 ARM9.19.21-1 · bindMicrosoft (MSRC)
Azure Linux 3.0 x649.19.21-1 · bindMicrosoft (MSRC)
CBL Mariner 2.0 ARM9.16.48-1 · bindMicrosoft (MSRC)
CBL Mariner 2.0 x649.16.48-1 · bindMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:bind32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:bind-chroot32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:bind-devel32:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:bind9.1632:9.16.23-0.16.el8_9.2.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:bind9.16-chroot32:9.16.23-0.16.el8_9.2.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:bind9.16-devel32:9.16.23-0.16.el8_9.2.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:bind9.16-dnssec-utils32:9.16.23-0.16.el8_9.2.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:bind9.16-doc32:9.16.23-0.16.el8_9.2.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:bind9.16-libs32:9.16.23-0.16.el8_9.2.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:bind9.16-license32:9.16.23-0.16.el8_9.2.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:bind9.16-utils32:9.16.23-0.16.el8_9.2.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:python3-bind9.1632:9.16.23-0.16.el8_9.2.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
alpine:bind9.16.48-r0 · Alpine:v3.16Package registry (OSV)
debian:bind91:9.18.24-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:bind9.16.48-150500.8.16.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.5Package registry (OSV)
red hat:bind9.1632:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:bind9.16-chroot32:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:bind9.16-debuginfo32:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:bind9.16-debugsource32:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:bind9.16-devel32:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::crbPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:bind9.16-dnssec-utils32:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::crbPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:bind9.16-dnssec-utils-debuginfo32:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:bind9.16-libs32:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:bind9.16-libs-debuginfo32:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:bind9.16-license32:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:bind9.16-utils32:9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)

+7

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-407 · Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records