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CVE-2023-28540· NVD / CVE Program· CNA qualcomm

Improper Authentication in Data Modem

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.43% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.

Low priority for now. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Cryptographic issue in Data Modem due to improper authentication during TLS handshake.

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Oct 3, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 36th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

30

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.5
CNA · qualcomm
9.1
1.6 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2023-28540

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
qualcomm315 5g iot modem firmware
qualcomm315 5g iot modem
qualcommaqt1000 firmware
qualcommaqt1000
qualcommar8035 firmware
qualcommar8035
qualcommcsra6620 firmware
qualcommcsra6620
qualcommcsra6640 firmware
qualcommcsra6640
qualcommwcn3991 firmware
qualcommwcn3991

and 188 more

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • qualcomm 315 5g iot modem firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm apq5053-aa firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm aqt1000 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm ar8035 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm csra6620 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm csra6640 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm msm8905 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6390 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6391 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6420 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6421 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6426 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6430 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6431 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6436 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6574a firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6574au firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6595au firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6696 firmwareall versions
  • qualcomm qca6698aq firmwareall versions

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (qualcomm). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Qualcomm, Inc. Snapdragon

    • 315 5G IoT Modem, AQT1000, AR8035, CSRA6620, CSRA6640, FastConnect 6200, FastConnect 6700, FastConnect 6800, FastConnect 6900, FastConnect 7800, QCA6391, QCA6420 … (+28)affected

Same product

qualcomm: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

—

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

  • CVE-2023-21670119 days apartImproper Access control in GPU Subsystem
    31Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-287 · Improper Authentication

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

nvd-primary

Root cause

Authentication is added route by route instead of being enforced in one place. When a route added later bypasses the shared middleware, the session check never runs for it.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-287 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
app.use("/admin", requireSession, adminRouter);
// Route added later skips the middlewareapp.post("/admin-api/config", updateConfig);

Fixed

ts
const admin = express.Router();admin.use(requireSession, requireRole("admin"));
admin.post("/config", updateConfig);app.use("/admin", admin);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records