Git's `git apply` overwriting paths outside the working tree

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

• git-scm gitbefore 2.30.8
• git-scm git2.31.0 and later · before 2.31.7
• git-scm git2.32.0 and later · before 2.32.6
• git-scm git2.33.0 and later · before 2.33.7
• git-scm git2.34.0 and later · before 2.34.7
• git-scm git2.35.0 and later · before 2.35.7
• git-scm git2.36.0 and later · before 2.36.5
• git-scm git2.37.0 and later · before 2.37.6
• git-scm git2.38.0 and later · before 2.38.4
• git-scm git2.39.0 and later · before 2.39.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

• git git

  • >= 2.39.0, < 2.39.2, >= 2.38.0, < 2.38.4, >= 2.37.0, < 2.37.6, >= 2.36.0, < 2.36.5, >= 2.35.0, < 2.35.7, >= 2.34.0, < 2.34.7, >= 2.33.0, < 2.33.7, >= 2.32.0, < 2.32.6, >= 2.31.0, < 2.31.7, < 2.30.8affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

• CVE-2018-17456Git before 2.14.5, 2.15.x before 2.15.3, 2.16.x before 2.16.5, 2.17.x before 2.17.2, 2.18.x before 2.18.1, and 2.19.x before 2.19.1 allows r
  68This week
• CVE-2025-48384Git allows arbitrary code execution through broken config quotingKEV
  63This week
• CVE-2017-1000117A malicious third-party can give a crafted "ssh://..." URL to an unsuspecting victim, and an attempt to visit the URL can result in any prog
  58Plan
• CVE-2021-21300malicious repositories can execute remote code while cloning
  57Plan
• CVE-2022-23521gitattributes parsing integer overflow in git
  56Plan
• CVE-2022-41903Integer overflow in `git archive`, `git log --format` leading to RCE in git
  52Plan

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Root cause

A user-supplied file name is joined with the allowed directory, but the result is never checked to confirm it is still inside that directory.

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

1const file = path.join(ROOT, req.query.name);2res.sendFile(file);

1const file = path.resolve(ROOT, req.query.name);2if (!file.startsWith(ROOT + path.sep)) {3  return res.sendStatus(400);4}5res.sendFile(file);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.