Potential user-assisted code execution in “Copy as cURL” command
Insufficient escaping in the “Copy as cURL” feature could potentially be used to trick a user into executing unexpected code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 141, Firefox ESR 128.13, Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird 141, Thunderbird 128.13, and Thunderbird 140.1.
- BDU:2025-10486
- ALSA-2025:11747
- ALSA-2025:11748
- ALSA-2025:11797
- ALSA-2025:12187
- ALSA-2025:12188
- ALSA-2025:13676
- DLA-4250-1
- DLA-4253-1
- DSA-5964-1
- DSA-5966-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025-20135-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15371-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15383-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15386-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15387-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:20135-1
- RHSA-2025:11747
- RHSA-2025:11748
- RHSA-2025:11797
- Published
- Jul 22, 2025
- Updated
- Sep 30, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.3% · 24th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-94
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Report tools
Action score
32
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 32 / 40 · 8.1 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.3%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| mozilla | firefox | cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox |
| mozilla | thunderbird | cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- mozilla firefoxbefore 128.13.0
- mozilla firefoxbefore 141.0
- mozilla firefox140.0 and later · before 140.1.0
- mozilla thunderbirdbefore 128.13.0
- mozilla thunderbirdbefore 141.0
- mozilla thunderbird140.0 and later · before 140.1.0
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mozilla). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Mozilla Firefox
- 128.13 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
- 140.1 and later · up to and including 140.*not affected · rpm
- 141 and laternot affected · rpm
Mozilla Thunderbird
- 128.13 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
- 140.1 and later · up to and including 140.*not affected · rpm
- 141 and laternot affected · rpm
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:10 | firefox | before 128.13.0-1.el10_0 | 128.13.0-1.el10_0 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | thunderbird | before 128.13.0-3.el10_0.alma.1 | 128.13.0-3.el10_0.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | firefox | before 128.13.0-1.el8_10.alma.1 | 128.13.0-1.el8_10.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | thunderbird | before 128.13.0-3.el8_10.alma.1 | 128.13.0-3.el8_10.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | firefox | before 128.13.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 | 128.13.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | firefox-x11 | before 128.13.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 | 128.13.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | thunderbird | before 128.13.0-3.el9_6.alma.1 | 128.13.0-3.el9_6.alma.1 |
| Debian:11 | firefox-esr | before 128.13.0esr-1~deb11u1 | 128.13.0esr-1~deb11u1 |
| Debian:11 | thunderbird | before 1:128.13.0esr-1~deb11u1 | 1:128.13.0esr-1~deb11u1 |
| Debian:12 | firefox-esr | before 128.13.0esr-1~deb12u1 | 128.13.0esr-1~deb12u1 |
| Debian:12 | thunderbird | before 1:128.13.0esr-1~deb12u1 | 1:128.13.0esr-1~deb12u1 |
| Debian:13 | firefox-esr | before 128.13.0esr-1 | 128.13.0esr-1 |
| Debian:13 | thunderbird | before 1:128.13.0esr-1 | 1:128.13.0esr-1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | mozjs128 | before 128.14.0-160000.1.1 | 128.14.0-160000.1.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | firefox-esr | before 140.1.0-1.1 | 140.1.0-1.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | MozillaFirefox | before 141.0-1.1 | 141.0-1.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | MozillaThunderbird | before 140.1.0-1.1 | 140.1.0-1.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | mozjs128 | before 128.13.0-1.1 | 128.13.0-1.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | firefox | before 0:128.13.0-1.el10_0 | 0:128.13.0-1.el10_0 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | firefox-debuginfo | before 0:128.13.0-1.el10_0 | 0:128.13.0-1.el10_0 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | firefox-debugsource | before 0:128.13.0-1.el10_0 | 0:128.13.0-1.el10_0 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | thunderbird | before 0:128.13.0-3.el10_0 | 0:128.13.0-3.el10_0 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | thunderbird-debuginfo | before 0:128.13.0-3.el10_0 | 0:128.13.0-3.el10_0 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | thunderbird-debugsource | before 0:128.13.0-3.el10_0 | 0:128.13.0-3.el10_0 |
+87
Same product
mozilla: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2010-3765Mozilla Firefox 3.5.x through 3.5.14 and 3.6.x through 3.6.11, Thunderbird 3.1.6 before 3.1.6 and 3.0.x before 3.0.10, and SeaMonkey 2.x befKEV94Now
- CVE-2019-11708Insufficient vetting of parameters passed with the Prompt:Open IPC message between child and parent processes can result in the non-sandboxeKEV87Now
- CVE-2015-4495The PDF reader in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0.3, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.1.1, and Firefox OS before 2.2 allows remote attackers to bypassKEV86Now
- CVE-2013-1690Mozilla Firefox before 22.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.7, Thunderbird before 17.0.7, and Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.7 do not properKEV86Now
- CVE-2019-17026Incorrect alias information in IonMonkey JIT compiler for setting array elements could lead to a type confusion.KEV79This week
- CVE-2024-9680An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines.KEV76This week
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| almalinux:firefox | 128.13.0-1.el8_10.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:firefox-x11 | 128.13.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:thunderbird | 128.13.0-3.el9_6.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:firefox-esr | 128.13.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:thunderbird | 1:128.13.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:firefox-esr | 140.1.0-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:MozillaFirefox | 140.1.0-150200.152.193.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:MozillaFirefox-branding-SLE | 140-150200.9.21.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:MozillaThunderbird | 140.1.0-150200.8.230.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:mozjs128 | 128.14.0-160000.1.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:firefox | 0:128.13.0-1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:firefox-debuginfo | 0:128.13.0-1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:firefox-debugsource | 0:128.13.0-1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:firefox-x11 | 0:128.13.0-1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:thunderbird | 0:128.13.0-3.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:thunderbird-debuginfo | 0:128.13.0-3.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:thunderbird-debugsource | 0:128.13.0-3.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:firefox | 0:128.13.0-1.el8_10 · Rocky Linux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:thunderbird | 0:128.13.0-3.el9_6 · Rocky Linux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:MozillaFirefox | 140.1.0-150200.152.193.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:MozillaFirefox-branding-SLE | 140-150200.9.21.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:MozillaThunderbird | 140.1.0-150200.8.230.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:mozjs128 | 128.14.0-160000.1.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:pipewire | 0.3.6-150200.3.11.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:xdg-desktop-portal | 1.8.0-150200.5.8.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2025-14324140 days apartJIT miscompilation in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component39Monitor
- CVE-2026-8094289 days apartOther issue in the WebRTC component39Monitor
- CVE-2024-6602378 days apartMemory corruption in NSS39Monitor
- CVE-2025-1011168 days apartA bug in WebAssembly code generation could result in a crash35Monitor
- CVE-2024-11697238 days apartWhen handling keypress events, an attacker may have been able to trick a user into bypassing the "Open Executable File?" confirmation dialog35Monitor
- CVE-2024-11699238 days apartMemory safety bugs present in Firefox 132, Firefox ESR 128.4, and Thunderbird 128.4.35Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- A user must open a link or visit a page.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- none
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- Required
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- None
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-94 · Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpChange log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1968414
- www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-56/
- www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-58/
- www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-59/
- www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-61/
- www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-62/
- www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-63/
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00016.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.