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CVE-2025-58737· NVD / CVE Program· CNA microsoft

Remote Desktop Protocol Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Use after free in Windows Remote Desktop allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

HighCVSS 7.0 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi analysis

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Published
Oct 14, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 26th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

28

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
28 / 40 · 7.0 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · microsoft
7.0
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
microsoftwindows server 2012
microsoftwindows server 2016
microsoftwindows server 2019
microsoftwindows server 2022
microsoftwindows server 2022 23h2
microsoftwindows server 2025

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Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • microsoft windows server 2012r2
  • microsoft windows server 2016up to 10.0.14393.8519 inclusive
  • microsoft windows server 2019before 10.0.17763.7919
  • microsoft windows server 2022before 10.0.20348.4294
  • microsoft windows server 2022 23h2before 10.0.25398.1913
  • microsoft windows server 2025up to 10.0.26100.6899 inclusive

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (microsoft). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2

    • 6.3.9600.0 and later · before 6.3.9600.22824affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)

    • 6.3.9600.0 and later · before 6.3.9600.22824affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2016

    • 10.0.14393.0 and later · before 10.0.14393.8519affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)

    • 10.0.14393.0 and later · before 10.0.14393.8519affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2019

    • 10.0.17763.0 and later · before 10.0.17763.7919affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)

    • 10.0.17763.0 and later · before 10.0.17763.7919affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2022

    • 10.0.20348.0 and later · before 10.0.20348.4294affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)

    • 10.0.25398.0 and later · before 10.0.25398.1913affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2025

    • 10.0.26100.0 and later · before 10.0.26100.6899affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)

    • 10.0.26100.0 and later · before 10.0.26100.6899affected

Same product

microsoft: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-59287Windows Server Update Service (WSUS) Remote Code Execution VulnerabilityKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2023-24941Windows Network File System Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    67This week
  • CVE-2020-0609A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Windows Remote Desktop Gateway (RD Gateway) when an unauthenticated attacker connects to the
    62This week
  • CVE-2022-30136Windows Network File System Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    61This week
  • CVE-2020-0610A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Windows Remote Desktop Gateway (RD Gateway) when an unauthenticated attacker connects to the
    59Plan
  • CVE-2013-3182The Windows NAT Driver (aka winnat) service in Microsoft Windows Server 2012 does not properly validate memory addresses during the processi
    59Plan

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Windows Server 2012 R26.3.9600.22824 · KB5066873Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)6.3.9600.22824 · KB5066873Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 201610.0.14393.8519 · KB5066836Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)10.0.14393.8519 · KB5066836Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 201910.0.17763.7919 · KB5066586Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)10.0.17763.7919 · KB5066586Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 202210.0.20348.4294 · KB5066782Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation)10.0.20348.4294 · KB5066782Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)10.0.25398.1913 · KB5066780Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 202510.0.26100.6899 · KB5066835Microsoft (MSRC)
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)10.0.26100.6899 · KB5066835Microsoft (MSRC)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-33071126 days apartWindows KDC Proxy Service (KPSSVC) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-69595329 days apartWindows Services for NFS ONCRPC XDR Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-78445329 days apartWindows Services for NFS ONCRPC XDR Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-27480189 days apartWindows Remote Desktop Services Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-69712329 days apartWindows Key Distribution Center Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2025-4973598 days apartWindows KDC Proxy Service (KPSSVC) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    32Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

c
free(dev->buf);/* ... another thread is still running ... */process(dev->buf);

Fixed

c
lock(&dev->lock);free(dev->buf);dev->buf = NULL;unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records