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CVE-2025-48481· NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

FreeScout Has Business Logic Errors

FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.180, an attacker with an unactivated email invitation containing invite_hash, can exploit this vulnerability to self-activate their account, despite it being blocked or deleted, by leveraging the invitation link from the email to gain initial access to the account. This issue has been patched in version 1.8.180.

MediumCVSS 6.1 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 30, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 43th percentile
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Action score

24

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
24 / 40 · 6.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
6.1
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
freescoutfreescout

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • freescout freescoutbefore 1.8.180

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • freescout-help-desk freescout

    • < 1.8.180affected

Same product

freescout: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-27637FreeScout's Predictable Authentication Token Enables Account Takeover
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-32754FreeScout: Stored XSS via Unescaped Email Template Rendering ({!! $thread->body !!})
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2024-29185FreeScout OS Command Injection vulnerability
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-27636FreeScout: Missing .htaccess in Restricted File Extensions Allows Remote Code Execution on Apache
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-40498FreeScout has Authentication Bypass and Information Disclosure in SystemController via /system/cron
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-40496FreeScout has Predictable Attachment Token that Allows Unauthenticated Private File Download via Brute Force
    35Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
freescout-help-desk freescout1.8.180 · descriptionVendor (CNA)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-484790 days apartFreeScout Has Business Logic Errors
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2025-484760 days apartFreeScout Has Business Logic Errors
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2025-484770 days apartFreeScout Has Business Logic Errors
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2025-484780 days apartFreeScout Has Business Logic Errors
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2025-484800 days apartFreeScout Has Business Logic Errors
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2025-484820 days apartFreeScout Has Business Logic Errors
    21Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-841 · Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

We use this product, ask for help

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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