A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling.
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1, watchOS 26.1. A malicious application may be able to cause unexpected system termination or write kernel memory.
- Published
- Dec 12, 2025
- Updated
- Sep 30, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.4% · 35th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-120
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Report tools
Action score
52
Plan
Add it to your regular patch cycle.
- CVSS
- 22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 30 / 30 · Listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.4%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- active
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 5.5
- CNA · apple
- 5.5
- agree
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Actively exploited in the wild
CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Mar 20, 2026. That signals real attacks, not theory.
Remediation deadline for government agencies: Apr 3, 2026.
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| apple | ipados | cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados |
| apple | iphone os | cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os |
| apple | macos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos |
| apple | tvos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos |
| apple | visionos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos |
| apple | watchos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- apple ipadosbefore 18.7.2
- apple ipados26.0
- apple iphone osbefore 18.7.2
- apple iphone os26.0
- apple macos14.0 and later · before 14.8.2
- apple macos15.0 and later · before 15.7.2
- apple macos26.0
- apple tvosbefore 26.1
- apple visionosbefore 26.1
- apple watchosbefore 26.1
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apple). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Apple iOS and iPadOS
- before 18.7.2affected
- before 26.1affected
Apple macOS
- before 14.8.2affected
- before 15.7.2affected
- before 26.1affected
Apple tvOS
- before 26.1affected
Apple visionOS
- before 26.1affected
Apple watchOS
- before 26.1affected
Same product
apple: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2021-30860An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation.KEV84Now
- CVE-2025-43300An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking.KEV80Now
- CVE-2023-41064A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling.KEV77This week
- CVE-2023-32434An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation.KEV76This week
- CVE-2025-24085A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management.KEV75This week
- CVE-2023-41993The issue was addressed with improved checks.KEV72This week
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.
Exploit status
Weaponized
A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
- Published
- CISA KEV+97 d
- TodayOct 5, 2026+296 d
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2026-28858102 days apartA buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking.39Monitor
- CVE-2026-43807227 days apartA buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking.39Monitor
- CVE-2025-24237256 days apartA buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking.39Monitor
- CVE-2026-84609276 days apartA permissions issue was addressed with improved path validation.39Monitor
- CVE-2026-28931227 days apartA buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking.35Monitor
- CVE-2026-43776227 days apartA buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking.31Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-120 · Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
nvd-primary
Root cause
When data is copied, the source length is not compared with the size of the destination buffer. Excess data overwrites adjacent memory.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-120 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
char buf[256];memcpy(buf, pkt->data, pkt->len);Fixed
char buf[256];if (pkt->len > sizeof(buf)) { return -EINVAL;}memcpy(buf, pkt->data, pkt->len);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment VariablesCAPEC-10likelihood: High · High
- Overflow BuffersCAPEC-100likelihood: High · Very High
- Client-side Injection-induced Buffer OverflowCAPEC-14likelihood: Medium · High
- Filter Failure through Buffer OverflowCAPEC-24likelihood: High · High
- MIME ConversionCAPEC-42likelihood: High · High
- Overflow Binary Resource FileCAPEC-44likelihood: High · Very High
- Buffer Overflow via Symbolic LinksCAPEC-45likelihood: High · High
- Overflow Variables and TagsCAPEC-46likelihood: High · High
ATT&CK techniques
—
Change log
No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.
References
- support.apple.com/en-us/125632
- support.apple.com/en-us/125633
- support.apple.com/en-us/125634
- support.apple.com/en-us/125635
- support.apple.com/en-us/125636
- support.apple.com/en-us/125637
- support.apple.com/en-us/125638
- support.apple.com/en-us/125639
- cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/darksword-ios-exploit-chain/
- www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-43520
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.