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CVE-2025-1179· NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulDB

GNU Binutils ld libbfd.c bfd_putl64 memory corruption

A vulnerability was found in GNU Binutils 2.43. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function bfd_putl64 of the file bfd/libbfd.c of the component ld. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 2.44 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The code maintainer explains, that "[t]his bug has been fixed at some point between the 2.43 and 2.44 releases".

LowCVSS 2.3 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 11, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.6% · 45th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

9

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
9 / 40 · 2.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulDB
2.3
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Noroxi analysis

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Affected systems

VendorProduct
gnubinutils

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • gnu binutils2.43

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulDB). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • GNU Binutils

    • 2.43affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12binutilsall versions—
Debian:13binutilsbefore 2.44-12.44-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-aarch64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-arm-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-avr-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-bpf-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-epiphany-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-hppa-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-hppa64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-i386-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ia64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-m68k-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-mips-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ppc-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ppc64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ppc64le-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-pru-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-riscv64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-rx-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-s390-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-s390x-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-sparc-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-sparc64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-spu-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1

+54

Same product

gnu: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2018-12699finish_stab in stabs.c in GNU Binutils 2.30 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow) or possibly have unsp
    40Plan
  • CVE-2017-7614elflink.c in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.28, has a "member access within null po
    40Plan
  • CVE-2014-9939ihex.c in GNU Binutils before 2.26 contains a stack buffer overflow when printing bad bytes in Intel Hex objects.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2017-7226The pe_ILF_object_p function in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.28, is vulnerable to
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2017-6969readelf in GNU Binutils 2.28 is vulnerable to a heap-based buffer over-read while processing corrupt RL78 binaries.
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2020-19726An issue was discovered in binutils libbfd.c 2.36 relating to the auxiliary symbol data allows attackers to read or write to system memory o
    35Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
GNU Binutils2.44 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
debian:binutils2.44-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-aarch64-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-arm-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-avr-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-bpf-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-epiphany-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-hppa-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-hppa64-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-i386-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:binutils2.45-160000.1.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:bpftool7.5.0-160000.2.3 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:openucx1.15.0-150600.3.5.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:perf6.4.0.git33229.a3afe13a7f-150600.3.17.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-11780 days apartGNU Binutils ld libbfd.c bfd_putl64 memory corruption
    25Monitor
  • CVE-2025-084013 days apartGNU Binutils objdump.c disassemble_bytes stack-based overflow
    25Monitor
  • CVE-2025-5244105 days apartGNU Binutils ld elflink.c elf_gc_sweep memory corruption
    19Monitor
  • CVE-2025-5245105 days apartGNU Binutils objdump debug.c debug_type_samep memory corruption
    19Monitor
  • CVE-2025-11800 days apartGNU Binutils ld elf-eh-frame.c _bfd_elf_write_section_eh_frame memory corruption
    9Monitor
  • CVE-2025-11810 days apartGNU Binutils ld elflink.c _bfd_elf_gc_mark_rsec memory corruption
    9Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
P
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records