REXML denial of service vulnerability
REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gem before 3.3.6 has a DoS vulnerability when it parses an XML that has many deep elements that have same local name attributes. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs with tree parser API like REXML::Document.new, you may be impacted to this vulnerability. If you use other parser APIs such as stream parser API and SAX2 parser API, this vulnerability is not affected. The REXML gem 3.3.6 or later include the patch to fix the vulnerability.
- BDU:2024-07430
- GHSA-vmwr-mc7x-5vc3
- ALSA-2024:6670
- ALSA-2024:6784
- ALSA-2024:6785
- ALSA-2025:4063
- ALSA-2025:4488
- DLA-4018-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:0129-1
- RHSA-2024:6670
- RHSA-2024:6702
- RHSA-2024:6703
- RHSA-2024:6784
- RHSA-2024:6785
- RHSA-2025:4063
- RHSA-2025:4488
- RLSA-2024:6670
- RLSA-2024:6784
- RLSA-2024:6785
- RLSA-2025:4063
- Published
- Aug 22, 2024
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 1.2% · 67th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-776
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Report tools
Action score
23
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 23 / 40 · 5.9 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 1.2%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · GitHub_M
- 5.9
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| ruby-lang | rexml | cpe:2.3:a:ruby-lang:rexml |
| netapp | bootstrap os | cpe:2.3:o:netapp:bootstrap_os |
| netapp | hci compute node | cpe:2.3:h:netapp:hci_compute_node |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- netapp bootstrap osall versions
- ruby-lang rexmlbefore 3.3.6
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
ruby rexml
- < 3.3.6affected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:8 | pcs | before 0.10.18-2.el8_10.2.alma.1 | 0.10.18-2.el8_10.2.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | pcs-snmp | before 0.10.18-2.el8_10.2.alma.1 | 0.10.18-2.el8_10.2.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby | before 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df | 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby | before 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby-bundled-gems | before 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby-bundled-gems | before 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df | 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby-default-gems | before 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df | 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby-default-gems | before 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby-devel | before 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby-devel | before 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df | 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby-doc | before 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby-doc | before 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df | 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby-libs | before 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | ruby-libs | before 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df | 3.1.7-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df |
| AlmaLinux:8 | rubygem-abrt | before 0.4.0-1.module_el8.10.0+3799+191214cc | 0.4.0-1.module_el8.10.0+3799+191214cc |
| AlmaLinux:8 | rubygem-abrt | before 0.4.0-1.module_el8.9.0+3746+91b8233a | 0.4.0-1.module_el8.9.0+3746+91b8233a |
| AlmaLinux:8 | rubygem-abrt-doc | before 0.4.0-1.module_el8.10.0+3854+02eaa59a | 0.4.0-1.module_el8.10.0+3854+02eaa59a |
| AlmaLinux:8 | rubygem-abrt-doc | before 0.4.0-1.module_el8.10.0+3799+191214cc | 0.4.0-1.module_el8.10.0+3799+191214cc |
| AlmaLinux:8 | rubygem-bigdecimal | before 3.1.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 | 3.1.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | rubygem-bigdecimal | before 3.1.1-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df | 3.1.1-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df |
| AlmaLinux:8 | rubygem-bundler | before 2.5.16-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 | 2.5.16-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | rubygem-bundler | before 2.3.27-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df | 2.3.27-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df |
| AlmaLinux:8 | rubygem-io-console | before 0.7.1-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 | 0.7.1-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | rubygem-io-console | before 0.5.11-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df | 0.5.11-145.module_el8.10.0+3984+cf55e3df |
+96
Same product
ruby-lang: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2021-28965The REXML gem before 3.2.5 in Ruby before 2.6.7, 2.7.x before 2.7.3, and 3.x before 3.0.1 does not properly address XML round-trip issues.32Monitor
- CVE-2024-41946REXML DoS vulnerability30Monitor
- CVE-2024-41123REXML DoS vulnerability30Monitor
- CVE-2024-49761REXML ReDoS vulnerability26Monitor
- CVE-2024-35176REXML contains a denial of service vulnerability22Monitor
- CVE-2024-39908Denial of service in REXML17Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| almalinux:pcs | 0.10.18-2.el8_10.2.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:pcs-snmp | 0.10.18-2.el8_10.2.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:ruby | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:ruby-bundled-gems | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:ruby-default-gems | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:ruby-devel | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:ruby-doc | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:ruby-libs | 3.3.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:rubygem-abrt | 0.4.0-1.module_el8.10.0+3799+191214cc · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:rubygem-abrt-doc | 0.4.0-1.module_el8.10.0+3799+191214cc · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:rubygem-bigdecimal | 3.1.5-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:rubygem-bundler | 2.5.16-3.module_el8.10.0+3894+6d587c81 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:ruby-rexml | 3.3.9-r0 · Alpine:v3.19 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:ruby2.7 | 2.7.4-1+deb11u3 · Debian:11 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:ruby3.3 | 3.3.5-1 · Debian:13 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:rubygem-rexml | 3.3.9-bp156.4.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:pcs | 0:0.10.18-2.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::highavailability | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:pcs-snmp | 0:0.10.18-2.el8_10.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::highavailability | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ruby | 0:3.3.5-3.module+el8.10.0+22271+6a48b0b9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ruby-bundled-gems | 0:3.3.5-3.module+el8.10.0+22271+6a48b0b9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ruby-bundled-gems-debuginfo | 0:3.3.5-3.module+el8.10.0+22271+6a48b0b9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ruby-debuginfo | 0:3.3.5-3.module+el8.10.0+22271+6a48b0b9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ruby-debugsource | 0:3.3.5-3.module+el8.10.0+22271+6a48b0b9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ruby-default-gems | 0:3.3.5-3.module+el8.10.0+22271+6a48b0b9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ruby-devel | 0:3.3.5-3.module+el8.10.0+22271+6a48b0b9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ruby-doc | 0:3.3.5-3.module+el8.10.0+22271+6a48b0b9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ruby-libs | 0:3.3.5-3.module+el8.10.0+22271+6a48b0b9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:ruby-libs-debuginfo | 0:3.3.5-3.module+el8.10.0+22271+6a48b0b9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:pcs | 0:0.10.18-2.el8_10.2 · Rocky Linux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:ruby | 0:3.3.5-3.module+el8.10.0+1867+7989c958 · Rocky Linux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
+6
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- High
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-776 · Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
ATT&CK techniques
—
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpChange log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- github.com/ruby/rexml/releases/tag/v3.3.6
- github.com/ruby/rexml/security/advisories/GHSA-vmwr-mc7x-5vc3
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00011.html
- security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250103-0006/
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.