The issue was addressed with improved authentication.
The issue was addressed with improved authentication. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.3, iOS 16.4 and iPadOS 16.4, iOS 15.7.4 and iPadOS 15.7.4, macOS Monterey 12.6.4, macOS Big Sur 11.7.5. A user in a privileged network position may be able to spoof a VPN server that is configured with EAP-only authentication on a device.
- Published
- May 8, 2023
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.7% · 52th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-287
Sign in to follow · You’ll be notified if a followed record enters KEV, gets an exploit or is updated.
Report tools
Action score
26
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 26 / 40 · 6.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.7%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| apple | ipados | cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados |
| apple | iphone os | cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os |
| apple | macos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- apple ipadosbefore 15.7.4
- apple ipados16.0 and later · before 16.4
- apple iphone osbefore 15.7.4
- apple iphone os16.0 and later · before 16.4
- apple macos11.0 and later · before 11.7.5
- apple macos12.0 and later · before 12.6.4
- apple macos13.0 and later · before 13.3
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apple). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Apple iOS and iPadOS
- unspecified and later · before 16.4affected
- unspecified and later · before 15.7affected
Apple macOS
- unspecified and later · before 13.3affected
- unspecified and later · before 12.6affected
- unspecified and later · before 11.7affected
Same product
apple: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2021-30860An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation.KEV84Now
- CVE-2025-43300An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking.KEV80Now
- CVE-2023-41064A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling.KEV77This week
- CVE-2023-32434An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation.KEV76This week
- CVE-2025-24085A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management.KEV75This week
- CVE-2023-41993The issue was addressed with improved checks.KEV72This week
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
—
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
- CVE-2022-46701144 days apartThe issue was addressed with improved bounds checks.31Monitor
- CVE-2022-42845144 days apartThe issue was addressed with improved memory handling.29Monitor
- CVE-2023-3842579 days apartThe issue was addressed with improved memory handling.28Monitor
- CVE-2023-279330 days apartThe issue was addressed with improved memory handling.26Monitor
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- none
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- None
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-287 · Improper AuthenticationCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
nvd-primary
Root cause
Authentication is added route by route instead of being enforced in one place. When a route added later bypasses the shared middleware, the session check never runs for it.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-287 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
app.use("/admin", requireSession, adminRouter);
// Route added later skips the middlewareapp.post("/admin-api/config", updateConfig);Fixed
const admin = express.Router();admin.use(requireSession, requireRole("admin"));
admin.post("/config", updateConfig);app.use("/admin", admin);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Authentication AbuseCAPEC-114Medium
- Authentication BypassCAPEC-115Medium
- Identity SpoofingCAPEC-151likelihood: Medium · Medium
- Fake the Source of DataCAPEC-194Medium
- Exploiting Trust in ClientCAPEC-22likelihood: High · High
- Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive DataCAPEC-57likelihood: Medium · Very High
- Session HijackingCAPEC-593likelihood: High · Very High
- Token ImpersonationCAPEC-633Medium
ATT&CK techniques
Change log
No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.
References
- support.apple.com/en-us/HT213670
- support.apple.com/en-us/HT213673
- support.apple.com/en-us/HT213675
- support.apple.com/en-us/HT213676
- support.apple.com/en-us/HT213677
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.