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CVE-2021-29256· NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

.

. The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows an unprivileged user to achieve access to freed memory, leading to information disclosure or root privilege escalation. This affects Bifrost r16p0 through r29p0 before r30p0, Valhall r19p0 through r29p0 before r30p0, and Midgard r28p0 through r30p0.

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.1KEVWeaponized No fix recorded
Published
May 24, 2021
Updated
Jun 16, 2026
EPSS
3.0% · 87th percentile
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Action score

66

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS
35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV
30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 3.0%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
active
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Jul 7, 2023. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for government agencies: Jul 28, 2023.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
armbifrost gpu kernel driver
armmidgard gpu kernel driver
armvalhall gpu kernel driver

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • arm bifrost gpu kernel driverr16p0 and later · before r30p0
  • arm midgard gpu kernel driverr28p0 and later · before r31p0
  • arm valhall gpu kernel driverr19p0 and later · before r30p0

Same product

arm: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2022-38181The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows unprivileged users to access freed memory because GPU memory operations are mishandled.KEV
    69This week
  • CVE-2021-28663The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading tKEV
    69This week
  • CVE-2021-28664The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or a denial of service (memory corruption) because an unprivileged user can achieKEV
    67This week
  • CVE-2024-4610Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operationsKEV
    61This week
  • CVE-2022-22706Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows a non-privileged user to achieve write access to read-only memory pages.KEV
    61This week
  • CVE-2022-28349Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver has a use-after-free: Midgard r28p0 through r29p0 before r30p0, Bifrost r17p0 through r23p0 before r24p0, and Val
    39Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. CISA KEV+773 d
  3. TodaySep 30, 2026+1955 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

c
free(dev->buf);/* ... another thread is still running ... */process(dev->buf);

Fixed

c
lock(&dev->lock);free(dev->buf);dev->buf = NULL;unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

All records