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CVE-2026-56239· NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulnCheck

Capgo - Privilege Escalation via SECURITY DEFINER Function apply_usage_overage

Capgo before 12.128.2 contains a potential privilege escalation vulnerability in the public.apply_usage_overage SECURITY DEFINER function, which performs sensitive billing operations without enforcing internal authorization checks (no validation of auth.uid(), org membership, or check_min_rights). Because the function runs with the owner's privileges, it bypasses Row Level Security. If EXECUTE permission is available to the authenticated or anon roles (explicitly or via default privileges), an authenticated user could invoke it via Supabase RPC to manipulate billing data for arbitrary organizations, including unauthorized credit depletion and fraudulent overage event insertion.

HighCVSS 7.2 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jun 21, 2026
Updated
Jun 24, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 26th percentile
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Report tools

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Action score

28

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
28 / 40 · 7.2 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulnCheck
7.2
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Affected systems

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulnCheck). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Capgo Capgo

    • 12.128.2not affected
    • before 12.128.2affected · semver

Same product

capgo: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-56237Capgo - Unauthenticated API Key Generation via Client-Side Parameter Manipulation
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-56223Capgo - Account Takeover via Cross-Domain SSO Email Assertion in provision-user
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-56324Capgo - Rate Limit Bypass via User-Controlled device_id Parameter
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-56238Capgo - Unauthenticated Information Disclosure via PostgREST global_stats Endpoint
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-56303Capgo - Unauthenticated API Key Metadata Disclosure via SECURITY DEFINER RPC Function
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-56305Capgo - Authentication Bypass in Password Change via Missing Current Password Validation
    34Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Capgo Capgo12.128.2Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-562162 days apartCapgo - Scope Escalation via API Key Creation in /functions/v1/apikey
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-562252 days apartCapgo - Authorization Bypass in API Key Management via App-Limited Keys
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-562122 days apartCapgo - Improper 2FA Enforcement Logic via Team Security Settings
    20Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-269 · Improper Privilege Management

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

To simplify setup, a service account is granted broad, cluster-wide permissions. The principle of least privilege is skipped during installation.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-269 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

yaml
kind: ClusterRolerules:  - apiGroups: ["*"]    resources: ["*"]    verbs: ["*"]

Fixed

yaml
kind: Rolemetadata:  namespace: lodos-systemrules:  - apiGroups: ["apps"]    resources: ["deployments"]    verbs: ["get", "list", "update"]

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records