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CVE-2023-23940· NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo is vulnerable to signature validation bypass

OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo is a library for secure smart contract development written in Cairo for StarkNet, a decentralized ZK Rollup. `is_valid_eth_signature` is missing a call to `finalize_keccak` after calling `verify_eth_signature`. As a result, any contract using `is_valid_eth_signature` from the account library (such as the `EthAccount` preset) is vulnerable to a malicious sequencer. Specifically, the malicious sequencer would be able to bypass signature validation to impersonate an instance of these accounts. The issue has been patched in 0.6.1.

MediumCVSS 5.3 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 3, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 12th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

21

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
21 / 40 · 5.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
5.3
CNA · GitHub_M
6.4
1.1 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

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Affected systems

VendorProduct
openzeppelincontracts

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • openzeppelin contracts0.2.0 and later · before 0.6.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • OpenZeppelin cairo-contracts

    • >= 0.2.0, < 0.6.1affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
PyPIopenzeppelin-cairo-contractsfrom 0.2.0 · before 0.6.10.6.1

Same product

openzeppelin: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2021-41264UUPSUpgradeable vulnerability in OpenZeppelin Contracts
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2021-39168TimelockController vulnerability in OpenZeppelin Contracts
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2021-39167TimelockController vulnerability in OpenZeppelin Contracts
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2023-30542GovernorCompatibilityBravo may trim proposal calldata
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2023-49798Duplicated execution of subcalls in OpenZeppelin Contracts
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2022-31198GovernorVotesQuorumFraction updates to quorum may affect past defeated proposals in @openzeppelin/contracts
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
OpenZeppelin cairo-contracts0.6.1 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
PyPI:openzeppelin-cairo-contracts0.6.1Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-345 · Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records