Kyverno before 1.16.2 SSRF via APICall Feature
Kyverno before 1.16.2 contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the APICall feature. The URL field in a Policy's ServiceCall configuration is not validated, so a user with namespace-level Policy creation permissions can direct Kyverno to make HTTP requests to arbitrary internal resources (e.g., cloud metadata endpoints such as 169.254.169.254 or other tenants' resources). Because Kyverno executes these requests using its cluster-wide high-privilege ServiceAccount (a Confused Deputy problem), the responses—potentially including other tenants' secrets and cloud IAM credentials—are returned in the PolicyReport and can be read by the attacker, breaking multi-tenant isolation.
- Published
- Sep 1, 2026
- Updated
- Sep 10, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.4% · 27th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-918
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Report tools
Action score
27
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 27 / 40 · 6.9 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.4%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- proof of concept
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · VulnCheck
- 6.9
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
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Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulnCheck). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
kyverno kyverno
- 1.16.2not affected
- before 1.16.2affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go | github.com/kyverno/kyverno | before 1.16.2 | 1.16.2 |
Same product
kyverno: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-4789Kyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.39Monitor
- CVE-2026-22039Kyverno Cross-Namespace Privilege Escalation via Policy apiCall39Monitor
- CVE-2026-54523Kyverno: NamespacedGeneratingPolicy generator.apply() namespace argument unvalidated -- background controller creates RoleBindings in any namespace including ku38Monitor
- CVE-2026-100706kyverno before 1.19.1 Privilege Escalation via Policy apiCall urlPath37Monitor
- CVE-2026-84200Kyverno before v1.13.0 Policy Bypass via Multiple Exceptions37Monitor
- CVE-2023-54356Kyverno before 1.9.5 Sweet32 Medium Strength Cipher Suites37Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| kyverno kyverno | 1.16.2 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Go:github.com/kyverno/kyverno | 1.16.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
- b0b0hahareporter
- j311yl0v3ureporter
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2026-4789155 days apartKyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.39Monitor
- CVE-2026-841960 days apartKyverno before 1.18.0 Server-Side Request Forgery via apiCall33Monitor
- CVE-2026-10070525 days apartKyverno before 1.19.1 SSRF via legacy apiCall service executor33Monitor
- CVE-2025-156130 days apartKyverno before v1.13.4 SSRF via Service Call27Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
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Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Availability
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- X
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-918 · Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)CVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
ATT&CK techniques
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Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-fmqp-4wfc-w3v7
- www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kyverno-before-1.16.2-ssrf-via-apicall-feature
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.