openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Key Substitution via Identity Shadowing
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 fails to prevent namespace collisions between own identities and contacts in IdentityStore, allowing attackers to create shadowed contact entries invisible until the corresponding own identity is deleted. When the own identity is deleted, the shadowed contact becomes visible and resolves to the attacker's keys, enabling silent key substitution for encrypted files.
- Published
- Aug 27, 2026
- Updated
- Oct 1, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.2% · 7th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-345
Sign in to follow · You’ll be notified if a followed record enters KEV, gets an exploit or is updated.
Report tools
Action score
37
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 37 / 40 · 9.3 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.2%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · VulnCheck
- 9.3
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| jahlives | openssl encrypt | cpe:2.3:a:jahlives:openssl_encrypt |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- jahlives openssl encryptbefore 1.4.9
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulnCheck). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
jahlives openssl_encrypt
- 1.4.9not affected
- before 1.4.9affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| PyPI | openssl-encrypt | before 1.4.9 | 1.4.9 |
Same product
jahlives: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-81719openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Remote Code Execution via Plugin37Monitor
- CVE-2026-81717openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Integrity Bypass via Added Files37Monitor
- CVE-2026-81714openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Plugin Signing Trust Anchor Enrollment Bypass37Monitor
- CVE-2026-81702openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Key Substitution via Identity Load37Monitor
- CVE-2026-81701openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Arbitrary Code Execution via unsigned plugin37Monitor
- CVE-2026-81700openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 GPG Signature Verification Bypass37Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| jahlives openssl_encrypt | 1.4.9 | Vendor (CNA) |
| PyPI:openssl-encrypt | 1.4.9 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2026-817020 days apartopenssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Key Substitution via Identity Load37Monitor
- CVE-2026-7487510 days apartopenssl_encrypt before 1.4.0 Schema Validation Bypass37Monitor
- CVE-2026-7489010 days apartopenssl_encrypt before 1.4.0 HMAC Authentication Bypass via Environment Variable37Monitor
- CVE-2026-7488210 days apartopenssl_encrypt before 1.4.0 Insecure Default Configuration34Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Availability
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- X
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-345 · Insufficient Verification of Data AuthenticityCVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)CAPEC-111likelihood: High · High
- Cache PoisoningCAPEC-141likelihood: High · High
- DNS Cache PoisoningCAPEC-142likelihood: High · High
- Content SpoofingCAPEC-148likelihood: Medium · Medium
- Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML MessagesCAPEC-218Medium
- Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-MiddleCAPEC-384Low
- Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API ManipulationCAPEC-385Medium
- Application API Navigation RemappingCAPEC-386Medium
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- github.com/jahlives/openssl_encrypt/security/advisories/GHSA-8gmx-w9m8-vx7q
- www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openssl-encrypt-before-1.4.9-key-substitution-via-identity-shadowing
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.