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CVE-2026-44463· NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

Zed: Allowlist Bypass via Environment Variable Injection in Terminal Tool Permissions

Zed is a code editor. Prior to 0.229.0, Zed's terminal tool permission system can be bypassed by prepending environment variable assignments to allowlisted commands, hijacking program behavior (e.g., PAGER) to execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.229.0.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

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Published
May 28, 2026
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 12th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · GitHub_M
8.6
0.8 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
zedzed

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • zed zedbefore 0.229.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • zed-industries zed

    • < 0.229.0affected

Same product

zed: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-44462Zed: Allowlist Bypass via Bash Variable Expansion Chain in Terminal Tool Permissions
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-27976Zed Extension Sandbox Escape via Tar Symlink Following
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-44466Zed: Allowlist Bypass via Bash Arithmetic Expansion in Terminal Tool Permissions
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-44465Zed: Zed IDE Arbitrary Code Execution via untrusted repository with poisoned .git/config
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-44461Zed: Remote Command Injection via Unquoted Environment Variable Keys (SSH / WSL Remote)
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-25805Zed does not show Parameter Values for MCP Tool Calls. Users cannot detect tool poisoning.
    32Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
zed-industries zed0.229.0 · descriptionVendor (CNA)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-444610 days apartZed: Remote Command Injection via Unquoted Environment Variable Keys (SSH / WSL Remote)
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-444650 days apartZed: Zed IDE Arbitrary Code Execution via untrusted repository with poisoned .git/config
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-444660 days apartZed: Allowlist Bypass via Bash Arithmetic Expansion in Terminal Tool Permissions
    34Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-78 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
const host = req.body.host;exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);

Fixed

ts
const host = req.body.host;if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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