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CVE-2026-44339· NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

PraisonAI has unsafe tool resolution in `ToolExecutionMixin.execute_tool`: undeclared `__main__` callables execute

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37, praisonaiagents resolves unresolved tool names against module globals and __main__ after it fails to match the declared tool list and the registry. With the default agent configuration, _perm_allow is None, so undeclared non-dangerous tool names are not rejected by the permission gate. An attacker who can influence tool-call names can therefore invoke unintended application callables that were never declared as tools. This issue has been patched in praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37.

HighCVSS 8.6 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 8, 2026
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 35th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

34

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
34 / 40 · 8.6 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
8.6
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

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Affected systems

VendorProduct
praisonpraisonai
praisonpraisonaiagents

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • praison praisonaibefore 4.6.37
  • praison praisonaiagentsbefore 1.6.37

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • MervinPraison PraisonAI

    • praisonaiagents < 1.6.37, praisonai < 4.6.37affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
PyPIpraisonaibefore 4.6.374.6.37
PyPIpraisonaiagentsbefore 1.6.371.6.37

Same product

praison: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-40114PraisonAI has Server-Side Request Forgery via Unvalidated webhook_url in Jobs API
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-39305Arbitrary File Write / Path Traversal in Action Orchestrator
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-34955PraisonAI: Sandbox Escape via shell=True and Bypassable Blocklist in SubprocessSandbox
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-41497Incomplete fix for CVE-2026-34935: Command Injection in MervinPraison/PraisonAI
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-40288PraisonAI: Critical RCE via `type: job` workflow YAML
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-39890PraisonAI Affected by Remote Code Execution via YAML Deserialization in Agent Definition Loading
    39Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
PyPI:praisonai4.6.37Package registry (OSV)
PyPI:praisonaiagents1.6.37Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
low · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
Low

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-470 · Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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