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CVE-2026-43928· NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

FOSSBilling: Payment amount not validated in PayPalEmail adapter allows invoice underpayment

FOSSBilling is a free, open-source billing and client management system. Prior to version 0.8.0, the PayPalEmail payment adapter accepts PayPal IPN callbacks and credits the IPN-supplied amount (`mc_gross`) to the client's balance without validating it against the invoice total. Combined with a $0.05 floating-point epsilon tolerance in the invoice credit-payment logic, this allows a client to underpay an invoice by up to $0.04 and still have it marked as fully paid. Version 0.8.0 patches the issue. There is no effective workaround without modifying the source code. Merchants using the PayPalEmail adapter should monitor IPN transactions for amounts that do not match their corresponding invoice totals, and manually review and refund suspicious payments.

LowCVSS 2.3 · v4.0—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Jul 6, 2026
Updated
Jul 7, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 34th percentile
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Action score

9

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
9 / 40 · 2.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
2.3
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

We use this product, ask for help

Affected systems

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • FOSSBilling FOSSBilling

    • < 0.8.0affected

Same product

fossbilling: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-27604FOSSBilling: Improper API Role Validation (system) Enables Unauthenticated Access to Privileged Admin Functions
    40Plan
  • CVE-2023-4005Insufficient Session Expiration in fossbilling/fossbilling
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2023-3490SQL Injection in fossbilling/fossbilling
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-28496FOSSBilling: Server-side template injection in Twig template rendering enables information disclosure and RCE
    38Monitor
  • CVE-2026-33543FOSSBilling: Authentication bypass allows unauthenticated administrator creation
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-42341FOSSBilling has an unauthenticated payment bypass via IPN callback forgery
    36Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-754 · Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records