OpenClaw < 2026.2.25 - Webhook Replay Attack via Missing Durable Replay Suppression
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 lack durable replay state for Nextcloud Talk webhook events, allowing valid signed webhook requests to be replayed without suppression. Attackers can capture and replay previously valid signed webhook requests to trigger duplicate inbound message processing and cause integrity or availability issues.
- Published
- Mar 18, 2026
- Updated
- Jun 23, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.5% · 38th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-294
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Report tools
Action score
25
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 25 / 40 · 6.3 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.5%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · VulnCheck
- 6.3
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| openclaw | openclaw | cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- openclaw openclawbefore 2026.2.25
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulnCheck). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
OpenClaw OpenClaw
- before 2026.2.25affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| npm | openclaw | before 2026.2.25 | 2026.2.25 |
Same product
openclaw: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-25253OpenClaw (aka clawdbot or Moltbot) before 2026.1.29 obtains a gatewayUrl value from a query string and automatically makes a WebSocket conne42Plan
- CVE-2026-30741A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in OpenClaw Agent Platform v2026.2.6 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a Request-Si39Monitor
- CVE-2026-43534OpenClaw < 2026.4.10 - Unsanitized External Input in Agent Hook Events37Monitor
- CVE-2026-33579OpenClaw < 2026.3.28 - Privilege Escalation via Missing Caller Scope Validation in Device Pair Approval37Monitor
- CVE-2026-32917OpenClaw < 2026.3.13 - Remote Command Injection via Unsanitized iMessage Attachment Paths in SCP37Monitor
- CVE-2026-32987OpenClaw < 2026.3.13 - Bootstrap Setup Code Replay via Device Pairing37Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| OpenClaw OpenClaw | 2026.2.25 | Vendor (CNA) |
| npm:openclaw | 2026.2.25 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
- Aristore (@aristorechina)reporter
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2026-3298711 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.3.13 - Bootstrap Setup Code Replay via Device Pairing37Monitor
- CVE-2026-3561822 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.3.23 - Replay Identity Drift via Query-Only Variants in Plivo V2 Verification33Monitor
- CVE-2026-320532 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.2.23 - Twilio Webhook Replay Bypass via Randomized Event ID Normalization27Monitor
- CVE-2026-4135136 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Webhook Replay Detection Bypass via Base64 Signature Re-encoding25Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
- CVE-2026-221760 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.2.19 - Command Injection via Unescaped Environment Variables in Windows Scheduled Task Script Generation27Monitor
- CVE-2026-319950 days apartOpenClaw 2026.1.21 < 2026.2.19 - Command Injection via Windows Shell Fallback in Lobster Extension23Monitor
- CVE-2026-320000 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.2.19 - Command Injection via Windows Shell Fallback in Lobster Tool Execution23Monitor
- CVE-2026-319970 days apartOpenClaw < 2026.3.1 - Executable Rebind via Unbound PATH-token in system.run Approvals17Monitor
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Availability
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- X
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-294 · Authentication Bypass by Capture-replayCVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Session SidejackingCAPEC-102likelihood: High · High
- KerberoastingCAPEC-509High
- Remote Services with Stolen CredentialsCAPEC-555Very High
- Windows Admin Shares with Stolen CredentialsCAPEC-561
- Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)CAPEC-60likelihood: High · High
- Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)CAPEC-644likelihood: Medium · High
- Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)CAPEC-645likelihood: Low · High
- Use of Known Kerberos CredentialsCAPEC-652likelihood: Medium · High
ATT&CK techniques
- Remote ServicesT1021
- Remote Services:SMB/Windows Admin SharesT1021.002
- Email Collection:Remote Email CollectionT1114.002
- External Remote ServicesT1133
- Access Token Manipulation:Token Impersonation/TheftT1134.001
- Use Alternate Authentication Material:Pass The HashT1550.002
- Use Alternate Authentication Material:Pass The TicketT1550.003
- Use Alternate Authentication Material:Web Session CookieT1550.004
- Adversary-in-the-MiddleT1557
- Steal or Forge Kerberos TicketsT1558
- Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets:KerberoastingT1558.003
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpChange log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/d512163d686ad6741783e7119ddb3437f493dbbc
- github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-r9q5-c7qc-p26w
- www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-webhook-replay-attack-via-missing-durable-replay-suppression
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.