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CVE-2026-100709· NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulnCheck

Froxlor before 2.3.12 2FA Bypass via Namespace Confusion

Froxlor through 2.3.10 stores only a numeric user ID in remembered-2FA tokens (panel_2fa_tokens) without recording the account namespace, and the remembered-token lookup during login is not constrained to the customer or administrator account type. Because customer and administrator IDs are allocated from separate namespaces, a remembered-2FA token legitimately issued to a customer with a given ID also matches an administrator with the same ID. An attacker who controls a customer account with a colliding ID, holds a valid remembered-2FA cookie for it, and already knows the target administrator's password can bypass the administrator's TOTP second factor and obtain an authenticated administrator session. This is a second-factor bypass only; it does not defeat password authentication. Fixed in 2.3.12.

HighCVSS 7.7 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Sep 26, 2026
Updated
Sep 26, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 19th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

30

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulnCheck
7.7
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

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Affected systems

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulnCheck). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • froxlor froxlor

    • 2.3.12not affected
    • before 2.3.12affected · semver

Same product

froxlor: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2023-0315Command Injection in froxlor/froxlor
    64This week
  • CVE-2023-2034Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type in froxlor/froxlor
    56Plan
  • CVE-2021-42325Froxlor through 0.10.29.1 allows SQL injection in Database/Manager/DbManagerMySQL.php via a custom DB name.
    43Plan
  • CVE-2015-5959Froxlor before 0.9.33.2 with the default configuration/setup might allow remote attackers to obtain the database password by reading /logs/s
    40Plan
  • CVE-2016-5100Froxlor before 0.9.35 uses the PHP rand function for random number generation, which makes it easier for remote attackers to guess the passw
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-41228Froxlor has Local File Inclusion via path traversal in API `def_language` parameter that leads to Remote Code Execution
    39Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
froxlor froxlor2.3.12Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-5279339 days apartFroxlor: API Authentication bypasses 2FA Authentication
    32Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

  • CVE-2026-41228156 days apartFroxlor has Local File Inclusion via path traversal in API `def_language` parameter that leads to Remote Code Execution
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-1007140 days apartFroxlor before 2.3.12 Command Injection via letsencryptchallengepath
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-41229156 days apartFroxlor has a PHP Code Injection via Unescaped Single Quotes in userdata.inc.php Generation (MysqlServer API)
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-5434839 days apartFroxlor: Second-Order SQL Injection via `Admins.add` `ipaddress` Parameter Allows Full Database Exfiltration
    28Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-287 · Improper Authentication

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

Authentication is added route by route instead of being enforced in one place. When a route added later bypasses the shared middleware, the session check never runs for it.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-287 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
app.use("/admin", requireSession, adminRouter);
// Route added later skips the middlewareapp.post("/admin-api/config", updateConfig);

Fixed

ts
const admin = express.Router();admin.use(requireSession, requireRole("admin"));
admin.post("/config", updateConfig);app.use("/admin", admin);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records