Org.keycloak/keycloak-model-storage-service: variable injection into environment variables
A flaw was found in org.keycloak/keycloak-model-storage-service. The KeycloakRealmImport custom resource substitutes placeholders within imported realm documents, potentially referencing environment variables. This substitution process allows for injection attacks when crafted realm documents are processed. An attacker can leverage this to inject malicious content during the realm import procedure. This can lead to unintended consequences within the Keycloak environment.
- Published
- Aug 21, 2025
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.5% · 40th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-526
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Report tools
Action score
19
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 19 / 40 · 4.9 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.5%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · redhat
- 4.9
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Affected systems
—
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (redhat). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Keycloak keycloak
- before 26.3.4affected · semver
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
- all versionsunknown
- 26.0.15-1 and laternot affected · rpm
- 26.0-18 and laternot affected · rpm
- 26.0-19 and laternot affected · rpm
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
- all versionsunknown
- 26.2.8-1 and laternot affected · rpm
- 26.2-8 and laternot affected · rpm
- 26.2-8 and laternot affected · rpm
- 26.2.9-1 and laternot affected · rpm
- 26.2-9 and laternot affected · rpm
- 26.2-9 and laternot affected · rpm
Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2.9
- all versionsunknown
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maven | org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services | from 26.3.0 · before 26.3.4 | 26.3.4 |
| Maven | org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services | all versions | — |
Same product
keycloak: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2017-12161It was found that keycloak before 3.4.2 final would permit misuse of a client-side /etc/hosts entry to spoof a URL in a password reset reque35Monitor
- CVE-2014-3709The org.keycloak.services.resources.SocialResource.callback method in JBoss KeyCloak before 1.0.3.Final allows remote attackers to conduct c35Monitor
- CVE-2017-12159It was found that the cookie used for CSRF prevention in Keycloak was not unique to each session.31Monitor
- CVE-2014-3651JBoss KeyCloak before 1.0.3.Final allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via a large value in the size 30Monitor
- CVE-2026-90997Keycloak-services: keycloak: replay protection bypass leads to unauthorized access via database driver semantics mismatch29Monitor
- CVE-2025-11538Keycloak-server: debug default bind address27Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Keycloak keycloak | 26.3.4 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Maven:org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services | 26.3.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- Administrator privileges are required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- none
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- High
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- None
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-526 · Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in an Environment VariableCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpChange log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15336
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15337
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15338
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15339
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:16399
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:16400
- access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-9162
- bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2389396
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.