In GnuPG before 2.4.9, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bound
In GnuPG before 2.4.9, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input. (For ExtendedLTS, 2.2.51 and later are fixed versions.)
- BDU:2025-16426
- ALSA-2026:0697
- ALSA-2026:0719
- ALSA-2026:0728
- DLA-4437-1
- openSUSE-SU-2026:10001-1
- openSUSE-SU-2026:20029-1
- RHSA-2026:0697
- RHSA-2026:0719
- RHSA-2026:0728
- RHSA-2026:0935
- RHSA-2026:0974
- RHSA-2026:1014
- RHSA-2026:1229
- RHSA-2026:1230
- RHSA-2026:1468
- RHSA-2026:1629
- RHSA-2026:1677
- RHSA-2026:1705
- RHSA-2026:1719
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for help- Published
- Dec 28, 2025
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.2% · 4th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-675
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Report tools
Action score
28
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 28 / 40 · 7.0 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.2%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- proof of concept
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 7.0
- CNA · mitre
- 7.8
- 0.8 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| gnupg | gnupg | cpe:2.3:a:gnupg:gnupg |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- gnupg gnupgup to 2.4.8 inclusive
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mitre). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
GnuPG GnuPG
- before 2.2.51affected · semver
- 2.3.0 and later · before 2.4.9affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:10 | gnupg2 | before 2.4.5-3.el10_1 | 2.4.5-3.el10_1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | gnupg2-smime | before 2.4.5-3.el10_1 | 2.4.5-3.el10_1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | gnupg2 | before 2.2.20-4.el8_10 | 2.2.20-4.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | gnupg2-smime | before 2.2.20-4.el8_10 | 2.2.20-4.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | gnupg2 | before 2.3.3-5.el9_7 | 2.3.3-5.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | gnupg2-smime | before 2.3.3-5.el9_7 | 2.3.3-5.el9_7 |
| Alpine:v3.20 | gnupg | before 2.4.9-r0 | 2.4.9-r0 |
| Debian:11 | gnupg2 | before 2.2.27-2+deb11u3 | 2.2.27-2+deb11u3 |
| Debian:12 | gnupg2 | before 2.2.40-1.1+deb12u2 | 2.2.40-1.1+deb12u2 |
| Debian:13 | gnupg2 | before 2.4.7-21+deb13u1 | 2.4.7-21+deb13u1 |
| Debian:14 | gnupg2 | before 2.4.8-5 | 2.4.8-5 |
| openSUSE:Leap 16.0 | gpg2 | before 2.5.5-160000.3.1 | 2.5.5-160000.3.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | gpg2 | before 2.5.16-1.1 | 2.5.16-1.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 | gnupg2 | before 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1 | 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 | gnupg2-debuginfo | before 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1 | 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 | gnupg2-debugsource | before 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1 | 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 | gnupg2-smime | before 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1 | 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 | gnupg2-smime-debuginfo | before 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1 | 0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1 | gnupg2 | before 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 | 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1 | gnupg2-debuginfo | before 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 | 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1 | gnupg2-debugsource | before 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 | 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1 | gnupg2-smime | before 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 | 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1 | gnupg2-smime-debuginfo | before 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 | 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | gnupg2 | before 0:2.2.20-4.el8_10 | 0:2.2.20-4.el8_10 |
+44
Same product
gnupg: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-24881In GnuPG before 2.5.17, a crafted CMS (S/MIME) EnvelopedData message carrying an oversized wrapped session key can cause a stack-based buffe40Plan
- CVE-2008-1530GnuPG (gpg) 1.4.8 and 2.0.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted dup38Monitor
- CVE-2018-1000858GnuPG version 2.1.12 - 2.2.11 contains a Cross ite Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in dirmngr that can result in Attacker controlled CS35Monitor
- CVE-2010-2547Use-after-free vulnerability in kbx/keybox-blob.c in GPGSM in GnuPG 2.x through 2.0.16 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service 34Monitor
- CVE-2018-12020mainproc.c in GnuPG before 2.2.8 mishandles the original filename during decryption and verification actions, which allows remote attackers 33Monitor
- CVE-2026-24882In GnuPG before 2.5.17, a stack-based buffer overflow exists in tpm2daemon during handling of the PKDECRYPT command for TPM-backed RSA and E31Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| GnuPG GnuPG | 2.2.51 | Vendor (CNA) |
| GnuPG GnuPG | 2.4.9 | Vendor (CNA) |
| almalinux:gnupg2 | 2.4.5-3.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:gnupg2-smime | 2.4.5-3.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:gnupg | 2.4.9-r0 · Alpine:v3.20 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:gnupg2 | 2.2.40-1.1+deb12u2 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:gpg2 | 2.4.4-150600.3.12.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:gnupg2 | 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:gnupg2-debuginfo | 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:gnupg2-debugsource | 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:gnupg2-smime | 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:gnupg2-smime-debuginfo | 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:gnupg2 | 0:2.4.5-3.el10_1 · Rocky Linux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:gpg2 | 2.2.27-150300.3.16.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:gpg2 | 2.4.4-150600.3.12.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- High
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-675 · Multiple Operations on Resource in Single-Operation ContextCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- github.com/gpg/gnupg/blob/ff30683418695f5d2cc9e6cf8c9418e09378ebe4/g10/armor.c#L1305-L1306
- github.com/gpg/gnupg/commit/115d138ba599328005c5321c0ef9f00355838ca9
- github.com/gpg/gnupg/compare/gnupg-2.2.50...gnupg-2.2.51
- gpg.fail/memcpy
- media.ccc.de/v/39c3-to-sign-or-not-to-sign-practical-vulnerabilities-i
- news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46403200
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/28/5
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/29/11
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/01/msg00008.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.