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CVE-2025-62398· NVD / CVE Program· CNA fedora

Moodle: possible to bypass mfa

A serious authentication flaw allowed attackers with valid credentials to bypass multi-factor authentication under certain conditions, potentially compromising user accounts.

MediumCVSS 5.4 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Oct 23, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 14th percentile
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Action score

21

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
21 / 40 · 5.4 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

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Affected systems

VendorProduct
moodlemoodle

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • moodle moodle4.4.0 and later · before 4.4.11
  • moodle moodle4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.7
  • moodle moodle5.0.0 and later · before 5.0.3

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (fedora). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • git.moodle.org moodle

    • 5.0.0 and later · before 5.0.3affected · semver
    • 4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.7affected · semver
    • 4.4.0 and later · before 4.4.11affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Packagistmoodle/moodlefrom 4.4.0-beta · before 4.4.114.4.11
Packagistmoodle/moodlefrom 4.5.0-beta · before 4.5.74.5.7
Packagistmoodle/moodlefrom 5.0.0-beta · before 5.0.35.0.3

Same product

moodle: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2024-43425Moodle: remote code execution via calculated question types
    58Plan
  • CVE-2021-36393In Moodle, an SQL injection risk was identified in the library fetching a user's recent courses.
    55Plan
  • CVE-2022-0332A flaw was found in Moodle in versions 3.11 to 3.11.4.
    52Plan
  • CVE-2022-35650The vulnerability was found in Moodle, occurs due to input validation error when importing lesson questions.
    45Plan
  • CVE-2018-1133An issue was discovered in Moodle 3.x.
    45Plan
  • CVE-2021-21809A command execution vulnerability exists in the default legacy spellchecker plugin in Moodle 3.10.
    43Plan

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
git.moodle.org moodle4.4.11Vendor (CNA)
git.moodle.org moodle4.5.7Vendor (CNA)
git.moodle.org moodle5.0.3Vendor (CNA)
Packagist:moodle/moodle4.4.11Package registry (OSV)
Packagist:moodle/moodle4.5.7Package registry (OSV)
Packagist:moodle/moodle5.0.3Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-3627181 days apartMoodle: partial data exposure in moodle before completing multi-factor authentication
    17Monitor
  • CVE-2025-3634181 days apartMoodle: moodle allows course self-enrolment before completing mfa
    17Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

  • CVE-2025-6784792 days apartMoodle: moodle: remote code execution via insufficient restore input validation
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-26046121 days apartMoodle: moodle: improper input sanitization in tex filter administration setting
    29Monitor
  • CVE-2026-26045121 days apartMoodle: moodle: improper validation in file restore functionality leading to remote code execution
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2021-4785790 days apartMoodle 3.10.3 - 'label' Persistent Cross Site Scripting
    20Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-287 · Improper Authentication

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

nvd-secondary

Root cause

Authentication is added route by route instead of being enforced in one place. When a route added later bypasses the shared middleware, the session check never runs for it.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-287 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
app.use("/admin", requireSession, adminRouter);
// Route added later skips the middlewareapp.post("/admin-api/config", updateConfig);

Fixed

ts
const admin = express.Router();admin.use(requireSession, requireRole("admin"));
admin.post("/config", updateConfig);app.use("/admin", admin);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records