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CVE-2025-58747· NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

Dify MCP OAuth Flow Vulnerable to XSS

Dify is an LLM application development platform. In Dify versions through 1.9.1, the MCP OAuth component is vulnerable to cross-site scripting when a victim connects to an attacker-controlled remote MCP server. The vulnerability exists in the OAuth flow implementation where the authorization_url provided by a remote MCP server is directly passed to window.open without validation or sanitization. An attacker can craft a malicious MCP server that returns a JavaScript URI (such as javascript:alert(1)) in the authorization_url field, which is then executed when the victim attempts to connect to the MCP server. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the Dify application.

LowCVSS 2.0 · v4.0—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Oct 17, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
5.7% · 93th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

10

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
8 / 40 · 2.0 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
2 / 30 · 5.7%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
2.0
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:P

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
langgeniusdify

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • langgenius difybefore 1.9.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • langgenius dify

    • <= 1.9.1affected

Same product

langgenius: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-63387Dify v1.9.1 is vulnerable to Insecure Permissions.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-56157Default credentials in Dify thru 1.5.1.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-63388A Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) misconfiguration vulnerability exists in Dify v1.9.1 in the /console/api/system-features endpoint.
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2025-63386A Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) misconfiguration vulnerability exists in Dify v1.9.1 in the /console/api/setup endpoint.
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2025-1796Admin account takeover through weak Pseudo-Random number generator used in generating password reset codes in langgenius/dify
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2024-12776Authentication Bypass in langgenius/dify
    32Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days+1% in 7 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2024-11824211 days apartStored XSS in langgenius/dify
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-42138199 days apartDify Vulnerable to Stored XSS via SVG-file upload
    27Monitor
  • CVE-2025-3467102 days apartXSS Vulnerability in langgenius/dify
    21Monitor
  • CVE-2025-49149122 days apartDify has XSS vulnerability
    21Monitor
  • CVE-2024-11850211 days apartStored XSS in langgenius/dify
    21Monitor
  • CVE-2026-6619185 days apartlanggenius dify ImagePreview image-preview.tsx openInNewTab cross site scripting
    8Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
A
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-79 · Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

User content is inserted into the page as HTML. The browser interprets the content as code rather than data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-79 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
commentEl.innerHTML = comment.body;

Fixed

ts
commentEl.textContent = comment.body;

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

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We use this product, ask for help

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records