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CVE-2025-55236· NVD / CVE Program· CNA microsoft

Graphics Kernel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Graphics Kernel allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Sep 9, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 35th percentile
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Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · microsoft
7.3
0.5 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

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Affected systems

VendorProduct
microsoftwindows 10 1809
microsoftwindows 10 21h2
microsoftwindows 10 22h2
microsoftwindows 11 22h2
microsoftwindows 11 23h2
microsoftwindows 11 24h2
microsoftwindows server 2019
microsoftwindows server 2022
microsoftwindows server 2022 23h2
microsoftwindows server 2025

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • microsoft windows server 2019before 10.0.17763.7792
  • microsoft windows server 2022before 10.0.20348.4106
  • microsoft windows server 2022 23h2before 10.0.25398.1849
  • microsoft windows server 2025before 10.0.26100.6508

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (microsoft). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809

    • 10.0.17763.0 and later · before 10.0.17763.7792affected

  • Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2

    • 10.0.19044.0 and later · before 10.0.19044.6332affected

  • Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2

    • 10.0.19045.0 and later · before 10.0.19045.6332affected

  • Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2

    • 10.0.22621.0 and later · before 10.0.22621.5909affected

  • Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3

    • 10.0.22631.0 and later · before 10.0.22631.5909affected

  • Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2

    • 10.0.22631.0 and later · before 10.0.22631.5909affected

  • Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2

    • 10.0.26100.0 and later · before 10.0.26100.6584affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2019

    • 10.0.17763.0 and later · before 10.0.17763.7792affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)

    • 10.0.17763.0 and later · before 10.0.17763.7792affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2022

    • 10.0.20348.0 and later · before 10.0.20348.4171affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)

    • 10.0.25398.0 and later · before 10.0.25398.1849affected

  • Microsoft Windows Server 2025

    • 10.0.26100.0 and later · before 10.0.26100.6584affected

Same product

microsoft: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

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    92Now
  • CVE-2021-36934Windows Elevation of Privilege VulnerabilityKEV
    81Now
  • CVE-2024-21338Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege VulnerabilityKEV
    79This week
  • CVE-2022-21882Win32k Elevation of Privilege VulnerabilityKEV
    79This week
  • CVE-2024-29988SmartScreen Prompt Security Feature Bypass VulnerabilityKEV
    78This week
  • CVE-2022-21971Windows Runtime Remote Code Execution VulnerabilityKEV
    77This week

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2024-43452301 days apartWindows Registry Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2024-26218518 days apartWindows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2025-5568035 days apartWindows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2025-5569635 days apartNtQueryInformation Token function (ntifs.h) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2026-21240154 days apartWindows HTTP.sys Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2026-35418245 days apartWindows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
    28Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

  • CVE-2025-5951691 days apartWindows Storage VSP Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
    32Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-367 · Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records