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CVE-2025-48628· NVD / CVE Program· CNA google_android

In validateIconUserBoundary of PrintManagerService.java, there is a possible cross-user image leak due to a confused deputy.

In validateIconUserBoundary of PrintManagerService.java, there is a possible cross-user image leak due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Dec 8, 2025
Updated
Sep 30, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 0th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · google_android
7.8
agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
googleandroid

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • google android13.0
  • google android14.0
  • google android15.0
  • google android16.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (google_android). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Google Android

    • 16, 15, 14, 13affected

Same product

google: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2019-2215A use-after-free in binder.c allows an elevation of privilege from an application to the Linux Kernel.KEV
    83Now
  • CVE-2011-1823The vold volume manager daemon on Android 3.0 and 2.x before 2.3.4 trusts messages that are received from a PF_NETLINK socket, which allows KEV
    73This week
  • CVE-2015-1538Integer overflow in the SampleTable::setSampleToChunkParams function in SampleTable.cpp in libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48I all
    70This week
  • CVE-2015-3829Off-by-one error in the MPEG4Extractor::parseChunk function in MPEG4Extractor.cpp in libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48I allows re
    67This week
  • CVE-2015-3824The MPEG4Extractor::parseChunk function in MPEG4Extractor.cpp in libstagefright in Android before 5.1.1 LMY48I does not properly restrict si
    67This week
  • CVE-2015-3864Integer underflow in the MPEG4Extractor::parseChunk function in MPEG4Extractor.cpp in libstagefright in mediaserver in Android before 5.1.1
    66This week

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-4857984 days apartIn multiple functions of MediaProvider.java, there is a possible external storage write permission bypass due to a confused deputy.
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2026-000884 days apartIn multiple functions of FaceEnroll.kt, there is a possible privilege escalation due to a confused deputy.
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2026-001384 days apartIn setupLayout of PickActivity.java, there is a possible way to start any activity as a DocumentsUI app due to a confused deputy.
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2026-002184 days apartIn hasInteractAcrossUsersFullPermission of AppInfoBase.java, there is a possible cross-user permission bypass due to a confused deputy.
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2026-010792 days apartIn gmc_ddr_handle_mba_mr_req of gmc_mba_ddr.c, there is a possible escalation of privileges due to a confused deputy.
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2026-56985281 days apartIn multiple files, there is a possible way to obtain signatures due to type confusion.
    33Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-441 · Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records