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CVE-2025-14178· NVD / CVE Program· CNA php

Heap buffer overflow in array_merge()

In PHP versions:8.1.* before 8.1.34, 8.2.* before 8.2.30, 8.3.* before 8.3.29, 8.4.* before 8.4.16, 8.5.* before 8.5.1, a heap buffer overflow occurs in array_merge() when the total element count of packed arrays exceeds 32-bit limits or HT_MAX_SIZE, due to an integer overflow in the precomputation of element counts using zend_hash_num_elements(). This may lead to memory corruption or crashes and affect the integrity and availability of the target server.

HighCVSS 8.2 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Dec 27, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 37th percentile
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JSON

Action score

32

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
32 / 40 · 8.2 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
8.2
CNA · php
6.5
1.7 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Noroxi analysis

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Affected systems

VendorProduct
phpphp

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Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • php php8.1.0 and later · before 8.1.34
  • php php8.2.0 and later · before 8.2.30
  • php php8.3.0 and later · before 8.3.29
  • php php8.4.0 and later · before 8.4.16
  • php php8.5.0 and later · before 8.5.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (php). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • PHP Group PHP

    • 8.1.* and later · before 8.1.34affected · semver
    • 8.2.* and later · before 8.2.30affected · semver
    • 8.3.* and later · before 8.3.29affected · semver
    • 8.4.* and later · before 8.4.16affected · semver
    • 8.5.* and later · before 8.5.1affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10phpbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-bcmathbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-clibefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-commonbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-dbabefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-dbgbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-develbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-embeddedbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-enchantbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-ffibefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-fpmbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-gdbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-gmpbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-intlbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-ldapbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-mbstringbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-mysqlndbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-odbcbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-opcachebefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-pdobefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-pgsqlbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-processbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-snmpbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-soapbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1

+96

Same product

php: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2024-4577Argument Injection in PHP-CGIKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2019-11043Underflow in PHP-FPM can lead to RCEKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2012-1823sapi/cgi/cgi_main.c in PHP before 5.3.12 and 5.4.x before 5.4.2, when configured as a CGI script (aka php-cgi), does not properly handle queKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2018-7584In PHP through 5.6.33, 7.0.x before 7.0.28, 7.1.x through 7.1.14, and 7.2.x through 7.2.2, there is a stack-based buffer under-read while pa
    65This week
  • CVE-2018-19518University of Washington IMAP Toolkit 2007f on UNIX, as used in imap_open() in PHP and other products, launches an rsh command (by means of
    59Plan
  • CVE-2016-3078Multiple integer overflows in php_zip.c in the zip extension in PHP before 7.0.6 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-b
    56Plan

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
PHP Group PHP8.1.34Vendor (CNA)
PHP Group PHP8.2.30Vendor (CNA)
PHP Group PHP8.3.29Vendor (CNA)
PHP Group PHP8.4.16Vendor (CNA)
PHP Group PHP8.5.1Vendor (CNA)
almalinux:apcu-panel5.1.23-1.module_el9.4.0+65+49ff6472 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-bcmath8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-cli8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-common8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-dba8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-dbg8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-devel8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-embedded8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-enchant8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-ffi8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-fpm8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:php7.47.4.33-1+deb11u10 · Debian:11Package registry (OSV)
debian:php8.28.2.30-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:php8.48.4.16-1~deb13u1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:apache2-mod_php88.2.30-150600.3.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:php88.2.30-150600.3.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:php8-embed8.2.30-150600.3.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:php8-fastcgi8.2.30-150600.3.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:php8-fpm8.2.30-150600.3.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:php8-test8.2.30-150600.3.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:apcu-panel0:5.1.23-1.module+el9.4.0+20748+b46899d2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:php0:8.2.13-1.module+el9.4.0+23893+7c48bdfc.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:php-bcmath0:8.2.13-1.module+el9.4.0+23893+7c48bdfc.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:php-bcmath-debuginfo0:8.2.13-1.module+el9.4.0+23893+7c48bdfc.2 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)

+29

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
High

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records