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CVE-2025-0896· NVD / CVE Program· CNA icscert

Orthanc Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Orthanc server prior to version 1.5.8 does not enable basic authentication by default when remote access is enabled. This could result in unauthorized access by an attacker.

CriticalCVSS 9.2 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 12, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
2.5% · 84th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

37

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
36 / 40 · 9.2 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 2.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · icscert
9.2
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
orthanc-serverorthanc

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • orthanc-server orthancbefore 1.5.8

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (icscert). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Orthanc Orthanc server

    • before 1.5.8affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12orthancbefore 1.5.8+dfsg-11.5.8+dfsg-1

Same product

orthanc-server: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-5443Heap Buffer Overflow in DICOM Image Decoder (Palette Color Decode)
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-5442Heap Buffer Overflow in DICOM Image Decoder via VR UL Dimensions
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-5445Out-of-Bounds Read in DicomImageDecoder (DecodeLookupTable)
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2023-33466Orthanc before 1.12.0 allows authenticated users with access to the Orthanc API to overwrite arbitrary files on the file system, and in spec
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-5440Memory Exhaustion via Unbounded Content-Length
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2026-5439Memory Exhaustion via Forged ZIP Metadata
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:orthanc1.5.8+dfsg-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-306 · Missing Authentication for Critical Function

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Root cause

A function added for development or support ships to production without authentication. It often relies on the assumption that it is “only reachable from the internal network.”

The bug in code

The whole CWE-306 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
// Added for the support teamapp.post("/maintenance/reset", resetDevice);

Fixed

ts
if (config.maintenanceEnabled) {  app.post(    "/maintenance/reset",    requireSession, requireRole("admin"), resetDevice  );}

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records