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CVE-2023-40222· NVD / CVE Program· CNA icscert

Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium Heap-based Buffer Overflow

In Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt versions prior to v12 SP2 Build (1204.200), the affected application lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing CO files. This could lead to a heap-based buffer overflow. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.

HighCVSS 8.4 · v4.0—No exploit No fix recorded

Noroxi analysis

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Published
Feb 4, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 9th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

33

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
33 / 40 · 8.4 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · icscert
8.4
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
ashlarcobalt

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • ashlar cobaltbefore 12.4.1204.200

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (icscert). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Ashlar-Vellum Argon

    • before v12 SP2 Build (1204.200)affected

  • Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt

    • before v12 SP2 Build (1204.200)affected

  • Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Share

    • before v12 SP2 Build (1204.200)affected

  • Ashlar-Vellum Lithium

    • before v12 SP2 Build (1204.200)affected

  • Ashlar-Vellum Xenon

    • before v12 SP2 Build (1204.200)affected

Same product

ashlar: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2023-34293Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2023-39943Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium Out-of-bounds Write
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2025-11465Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-11464Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Heap-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-11463Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-8006Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-201935 days apartAshlar-Vellum Cobalt VC6 File Parsing Heap-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-11464267 days apartAshlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Heap-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2023-34289278 days apartAshlar-Vellum Cobalt Heap-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2023-34299278 days apartAshlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Heap-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2023-35709278 days apartAshlar-Vellum Cobalt Heap-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    31Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
A
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-122 · Heap-based Buffer Overflow

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records